A Study on Trends and Growth Rates in Area, Production and Productivity of Sugarcane in Kushinagar District of Uttar Pradesh, India

Sugarcane is important cash crop grown in India. Sugarcane is one of the most important commercial crops of the country and the sugar industry occupies an important place in the economy of our country. Sugarcane crop provides raw material to over 25 other industries and sugar industry is one of the largest agro based processing industry responsible for socio-economic development of rural masses and national economy of our country. In the current day rural economy set up sugarcane cultivation and sugar industry has been focal point for socio-economic development in rural areas by mobilizing rural resources, generating employment and higher income, transport and communication facilities.

India is 2nd largest sugarcane producer in the world with the production of 494.22 million metric tons the area of 5.88 million hectare Presently sugarcane is grown in an area of 2.73 million hectare (45.12 percent) and production 225.22 MT (44.78 percent|) among the sugarcane growing countries of the world Uttar Pradesh has 1st position in sugarcane area 45.12 percent in the country, followed by Maharashtra, Karnataka, Bihar, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Andhra Pradesh. (https://sugarcane.dac.gov.in/ 2022-23). Uttar Pradesh is the largest production of sugarcane in India. The climatic condition of Uttar Pradesh is ideal for sugarcane cultivation. Sugarcane industry is an important industry of Uttar Pradesh and is the main source of almost 35 lakhs farming families of the province. The province has a total of 157 established sugar mills from whereat present season 2023-24 total 118 sugar mills are operational. Total sugarcane area of province is 2.73 million hectare and sugarcane productivity is 104.78 tonne per hectare.

The compound growth rate of area, production and productivity of sugarcane in Orissa during the period 1995-96 to 2005-06 for the state were-1.43(NS) per cent, 0.06 (NS) per cent, 1.86 (MS) per cent. (Rout et al. 2016). The trend ingrowth models on area, production and productivity of sugarcane crops in coastal Andhra region of Andhra Pradesh state for the period of 1973-74 to2012-13. They observed that quadratic function was the best fitted model for area and production whereas linear function for productivity. And the results revealed that area, production and productivity of sugarcane crop would be increased during their study period (Greeshma et al. 2017). A time series data from 1970-1971 to 2014-15 (45 year) of major sugarcane producing states Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra in India was used. It is revealed from the results that area, production and productivity of sugarcane is increasing at the rate of 1.20 per cent, 2.27 percent and 1.20 percent respectively in Utter Pradesh and 4.10 per cent, 3.80 percent and0.2 percent respectively in Maharashtra. At India level area, production and productivity grew at the rate of 1.6 per cent, 2.5 percent and 0.9 percent respectively in India, (Kumar and Singh 2018). Analyzed sugarcane cultivation trends in India and Haryana from 1971 to 2018. It finds an overall increasing trend in India, with Compound Annual Growth Rates (CAGRs) of 1.52 percent, 0.84 percent and 2.37 percent, for area, production, and productivity respectively. In Haryana, the trend is decreasing, but production and productivity are increasing, (Nisha et al. (2020).The trend of sugarcane productivity in Maharashtra was found to be stagnant between 1.0 to 3.0 percent. The result of decomposition analysis indicates a relatively more important contribution of area rather than increase in the production. The result of the Instability analysis revealed that the level of instability in the area, production and productivity of sugarcane increased drastically in Maharashtra. (Gupta and Badal (2021).