Agricultural Waste Management In Order To Sustainable Agriculture In Karnataka
Abstract
Renewable energy as an alternative of fossil fuel for minimizing pollution and related issues, has got significant role in recent years. Agricultural residues a s a source of biomass can be used to produce biogas. Every year while production of agriculture product generates lots of agro-residues and in many cases either left behind with no use or burn. Whereas can be prevented losing this source of energy by converting to the other types of energy. Nevertheless in present study assessing the potential of producing biogas out of biomass (agricultural residue) during one year in Karnataka state has conducted. For this purpose, production of agricultural crop residues data during one year depends on volatile solid (VS), extracted and according to the related coefficient, potential of biogas (methane) production computed. Results showed Maximum extracted methane respectively belonged to the rice, jowar, ragi, peanut and cotton residues. The total potential of methane production during the one year, 6391403732 cubic meters estimated.
Keywords
Download Options
Introduction
Limitation of fossil resources, their non -renewability, increasing petroleum fuel prices, emissions from combustion of fossil fuels all cause energy policy makers and planners to focus on structural studies, to change the energy carriers, and move towards cleaner fuels ( Rahi, Garshasbi,2011;shaygan et al., 1997 ). Burning fossil fuels results in the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) that act as barriers to thermal radiation and prevent it from leaving the Earth’s atmosphere, the so -called greenhouse’ effect (IPCC, 1997) .The current policy within agriculture seeks to develop crop production systems that minimize fossil energy input for a high level of output (Dalgaard, 2000) . Biomass has the largest potential land can only be considered as the best option form meeting the demand and insurance of future energy/fuel supply in a sustainable manner. The modernization of biomass technologies leading to more efficient biomass production and conversion is one possible direction for efficient utilization of biomass resources .Agricultural biomass is a relatively bro ad category of biomass that includes the food based portion(oil and simple carbohydrates)of crops (such as corn, sugarcane ,beets)and the non - food based portion(complex carbohydrates)of crops(such as the leaves ,stalks ,and cobs of corn Stover, or chard trimmings ,rice husk, straw),perennial grasses, and animal waste (Chandra, Takeuchi, & Hasegawa, 2012) . Energy can be obtained from biomass in five ways: production of crops which yield starch, sugar, cellulose and oil; solid waste which can be burnt; an aerobic digesters which produce biogas which can be used to generate heat/electricity; landfill production f or methane ;and biofuel production which includes ethanol, methanol, biodiesel and their derivatives (Demirbaş, 2001) . Direct combustion of biomass for heat or combined heat and power generation is the most common way of using biomass for energy today, but a...
Conclusion
Besides of Limited fusil fuels and energy crisis, extensively non -renewable energy using results to the environmental issues and global warming. So one of the initial actions for the saving our environmental from global warming and related issues is replacing of non -renewable energy to the renewable form of energy. Biomass as a source of renewable energy because of variety of advantages highly suggested by researchers. One of the biomass sources is agricultural residues that left largely unused on the agriculture field and can be consider as a main important sources for renewable energies. Out of biomass, bio - methane/biogas would be produced and its valuable as natural gas or other type of fossil fuel are. Biogas can use to produce electricity or even heating, cooling, pumping, or used as vehicle fuel.
According to the results, agricultural crop residues considered as reliable source for renewable energy production in form of biogas in Karnataka. Results shows 91.6 % of total methane production obtain from rice, jowar, ragi, peanut, cotton, corn residues. Factors such a climate, (temperature above 20 ° C), solar energy and biomass resources have a key role in optimum methane extraction. (chenet al ., 2013) . According to diversified climate of Karnataka and high production of agro-residue biomass, it seems to biomass as a renewable energy can be considered for supplying some part of demanded energy in Karnataka.