Analysis of Soil Damage on Dry Land Based on Geographic Information System in Sawan Sub-Distric, Buleleng Regency
Abstract
Sawan sub-district is one of the sub-districts in Buleleng Regency, part of which is dry land with an area of 3,144.06 ha. Dry land productivity in Sawan Sub-district is vulnerable to decline because land management is still not in accordance with conservation principles. The purpose of the study was to determine the potential for soil damage, the status of soil damage, the distribution of soil damage, and the direction of soil damage management on dry land in Sawan District. The method in this study used a comparative descriptive method. Parameters observed in the field include surface rock and soil solum depth while parameters analyzed in the laboratory are content weight, fraction composition, permeability, total porosity, pH, DHL, number of microbes and C-organic content. Based on the overlay of land use map, rainfall map, slope map, and soil type map using geographic information system, 17 SLH were obtained. The results showed two classes of potential soil damage, namely the potential for mild soil damage in Bebetin Village, Suwug Village, Sekumpul Village with a distribution percentage of 64.7% and the potential for moderate damage in Sudaji Village, Giri Emas Village, Lemukih Village, Bebetin Village and Sekumpul Village with a distribution percentage of 29.4%. Soil damage status classified as light in Bebetin Village, Giri Emas Village, Lemukih Village, Sekumpul Village and Sudaji Village with a distribution percentage of 64.7%, no factors causing soil damage status were found so that it is classified as good. Lightly damaged soil status with limiting factors of permeability is found in Sudaji Village, Suwug Village and Lemukih Village with a distribution percentage of 29.4%. Lightly damaged soil status with limiting factors of content weight, pH, and permeability is found in Bungkulan Village with a distribution percentage of 5.8%. Recommendations for improvement are the addition of organic matter and soil management can be done by planting cover crops or by crop rotation.
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Introduction
Soil is the provider of all needs in supporting plant growth and production. Soil is one of the growing mediums of plants, both plants in dry and wetland farms. The soil always undergoes changes caused by materials from the soil itself or materials from outside the soil (Suripin, 2002). Drylands are lands that are never inundated with water throughout the year. It relies on rainwater as its main source of water and rarely experiences permanent inundation. Drylands are used for moorland, mixed gardens, plantations, forests and so on. Management of biomass production that does not pay attention to conservation principles, such as the selection of vegetation types on agricultural land and the use of synthetic chemicals that exceed the recommended limit, can cause soil damage. This damage is characterized by changes in soil properties that exceed the threshold of soil damage criteria, thus reducing the ability of soil to support biomass production (Government Regulation No. 150 of 2000).
Based on data from the Central Bureau of Statistics, Sawan District shows a decrease in productivity from year to year. Some dryland commodities that have decreased are cayenne pepper and shallots. Cayenne pepper productivity from 2020 to 2021 has decreased by 71 tons and shallot productivity from 2020 to 2021 has decreased by 260 tons (BPS Kecamatan Sawan, 2023). Based on data from the Directorate General of Horticultural Crops in 2015, the target production of cayenne pepper plants is 9-20 tons/ha and for shallot plants is 18-20 tons/ha. The decline is thought to be caused by soil damage and lower soil fertility levels, so an assessment of the potential and status of dryland soil damage and land management in Sawan District, Buleleng Regency is needed.
Conclusion
Potential soil damage on dry land in Sawan Subdistrict, Buleleng Regency obtained two classes of potential damage, namely lightly damaged (PR.II) and moderately damaged (PR.III) and there are soil damage status, namely not damaged (N), lightly damaged (R.I.p) with limiting factors of permeability and light damage (R.I-d-p-a) with limiting factors of content weight, pH and permeability. The potential distribution of lightly damaged soil damage is scattered in SLH 2, 8, 9, 11, 13 and 14 located in Bebetin Village, Suwug Village and Sekumpul Village spread over 1,330.95 ha with a percentage of 35.3% and the potential for moderate damage is scattered in SLH 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 12, 15, 16 and 17 located in Sudaji Village, Giri Emas Village, Lemukih Village, Bungkulan Village, Bebetin Village and Sekumpul Village spread over 1,813.11 ha with a percentage of 64.7%. The actual distribution of damage status in the field includes: Undamaged status (N) in SLH 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, 15 and 16 with a distribution percentage of 64.7% light soil damage status (R.I.P) spread in SLH 1, 9, 11, 12 and 17 with a distribution percentage of 29.4% and light soil damage status (R.I.d.p.a) spread in SLH 6 with a distribution percentage of 5.8%. Management directions recommended for improvement are the addition of organic materials and tillage and can be done by rotating crops or crop rotation.
