Assessment of irrigation water pollution by oil waste at Jalo- Libya.
Abstract
The petrochemicals wastes and pollutants are dumped without treatment in the environment, lakes and soil in Libya. The objective of our present research is to study the impact of waste from crude oil extraction on the environment of the Libyan region of Ajdabiya. The monitored physicochemical indicators are: Temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (CE), TDS, CL- , NO -, SO 2-, HCO -, Na+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, Salinity, Total Hardness (TH). The 3 4 3 mineralization faithfully follows the rates of dissolved salts. The electrical conductivity varies from 7880 to 46700 μs/cm and far exceeds the Libyan irrigation standards (>2700μs/cm). Concerning the nitrate their contents range from 230 to 1210 mg/L and clearly reflect the crude oil pollution origin. The Piper diagram and Wilcox-Riversade projections shows that the waters associated with crude oil have a chloride-sodium and potassium or sulphated sodic and slightly bicarbonated sodium or potassium facies. Moreover, the hydrophysico chemical plot shows that the quality of this water is poor and above all a degraded quality.
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Introduction
Oil is a natural resource that is an important resource for many countries in the Gulf, Africa, Asia and America [1-2]. Unfortunately the history of oil in the African region is fraught with problems identified by the Extractive Industries Assessment Report (EIR) which has highlighted social and environmental problems [3-4]. Several marine, coastal and continental ecosystems have been damaged by oil activities around the world and especially Libyan cities, such as the city of Ajdabiyia [5-8].
Our work evaluates the degree and the modalities of pollution generated by the waste of oil in Jalo-Libya. Thus, to provide decision-makers with scientific and technical support to initiate a continuous decision-making dynamic aimed at protecting the environment and waters for irrigation that is vital for the whole country.
Indeed, the present study proposes to validate a physicochemical monitoring [9-11] intended to describe and evaluate the nature, the quality and quantity of pollutants generated by the oil extraction in the Libyan region of Jalo. In fact, the waters associated with the oil production are highly polluted and have an environmental impact on groundwater, surface water and oceans. We will also look for ways to reduce their consequences [12-13].
Conclusion
All water studies and research have identified water needs in light of Libya'spopulation increase, which is expected to reach about 14 million by 2025. Total freshwater resources are around 4.5 billion cubic meters and the total needs of this population are about 7.6 billion. The expected deficit is about 1.3 billion cubic meters. To compensate for this deficit, groundwater resources must be studied and rationalized. This study has explore and analyze water resources in order to assess their quality and validity [33]. Clouds are not well distributed and precipitation is random [34]. Large-scale oil pollution has led to a deterioration of water quality. In addition to increased salinity of the waters due to several factors such as the intrusion of saltwater from layers carrying saltwater to fresh rolling classes or the entry of seawater or saltwater to proximity. The water associated with oil "or" productive water "is estimated at 44 million barrels of water a day, assuming an average rate of four million barrels of water per million barrels of oil, with a production rate of only 11 million barrels a day.
In conclusion of this study it is proposed to develop WWTPs for the treatment of water produced with the extraction of oil and its purification and re-injection into waterways. Thus, further reduce the amount of metal ions present in the treated water and the removal of metal ions and also reduce sulphate ions, nitrates, salinity and electrical conductivity [36-39]. Most countries already involved in offshore oil development have developed their own laws and standards at national and regional level. Instead of presenting final policy recommendations, we prefer to put in place tools and build a strong normative, regulatory and legal framework to protect the environment in Libya.