Chemical Constituents of Essential Oil and Cytotoxic Activity of Ducrosia asadi Alva. from Iran
Abstract
Hydro distillated oil of the aerial parts of Ducrosia assadi Alva. (Umbelliferae ) , has been analyzed by GC/MSwith two different capillary columns , HP-5MS and HP-Wax .Thirty-four compounds were identified, 94.3% of the total oils. The concentration of citronellol, chrysanthenyl acetate, decanoic acid, decanol and linalool was high in analysis of the oil with both columns . Cytotoxic activity studied on two human cancer cell lines (LS180 and MCF-7) represented moderate cytotoxic activity.
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Introduction
The genus Ducrosia is distributed through Egypt to India. Ducrosia assadi Alva., Ducrosia anethifolia Boiss. and Ducrosia flabellifolia Boiss. grow in center parts of Iran and added to different types of food as flavoring species [1-3] .Biological activities such as antimicrobial, antibacterial effects have been reported. Phytochemical studies on essential oil of Ducrosia essential oil showed that aliphaticaldehydes and monoterpene hydrocarbons are the main constituents of these oils [5-8].We evaluated the chemical composition and cytotoxic activity [9-10] of essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of Ducrosia assadi alva.
Conclusion
The yield of the yellow color oil from Ducrosia Asadi was 0.8% (w/w). Chemical composition of the essential oils from Ducrosia asadi are reported in table 1 in order of elution from two different capillary columns, HP-5MS (5% phenyl methyl siloxane) and, HP-Wax (poly ethylene glycol) column.
In GC/MSseparation with HP-5MS column more than 90 % (29 components) of the oil, which is particularly rich in monoterpenes, was identificated: 54 % were monoterpenes and 4.74 % was sesquiterpenes. Among the monoterpenes fraction, oxygenated compounds were present in high percentage (47.5 %). Citronellol (38.2 %), Chrysanthenyl acetate (11.01%), decanoic acid (5.36 %), decanol (5.87%) and linalool (4.49 %) were found (table 1) to both major constituents. Similarly with HP-Wax column more than 75 % (28 compounds) of the oil, which is rich regard to monoterpenes, was identified: 41.6 % were monoterpenes and 3.4% ware sesquiterpenes. Among the monoterpenes fraction, oxygenated compounds were in high percentage (35.4 %). The major constituents of the volatile oil were citronellol (23.9 %), Chrysanthenyl acetate (4.34 %), decanoic acid (5.94 %), decanol (6.11 %) and linalool (2.35 %). Several aliphatic aldehydes such as n-decanal and dodecanal have been found inconsiderable amount in the essential oils. The cytotoxic activities (table 2) of the essential oil from Ducrosia asadi alva on two different cancer cell lines were reported in table 2. The present study is the first report on the cytotoxic effect of this essential oil. The cytotoxic activity of Ducrosia asadi showed a lower activity on the LS180 in comparison with MCF-7. The cytotoxic activity of this oil may be attributed to the presence of monoterpenoid hydrocarbons.