Comparison Of Resistance To Fusarium Wilts Disease In Seeded And Regenerated Sesame ( Sesamum Indicum L.) Firoozeh Chamandoosti Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Plant tissue culture has been used as a tool for crop improvement in many different ways. Such as somaclonal variation that occurred in many different crops. In this study a program for disease resistance was established in sesame using somaclonal variation. As resistance to Fos is very important so different kinds and concentrations of Plant Growth Regulators were tested for producing of plantlet regenerated from apical shoot explants.
The results showed that the combination of BA and NAA also BA and IAA with ABA could be used for regenerating sesame plantlets from apical shoots. The difference in BA concentrations had a positive effect on shoot and root regeneration and at least plant regeneration. So with combination of high level of BA and low level of NAA shooting from explants was dominant and with low level of BA and high level of NAA rooting was progressed. Regenerated plantlets and seeded planlets were compared for examining of resistance or susceptibility to Fos. The result showed that somaclonal variant resulted from regeneration of shoot and root of sesame could lead to producing resistant plantlets.
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Introduction
Somaclonal variation, resulting from a sum of genetic and epigenetic changes can induce mutations (Wei et al 2016). Somaclonal variation occurs through tissue culture in plants and plant tissue culture technique s proffer a substitute method of vegetative propagation of horticultural crops (Krishna et al. 2005 ; Alizadeh et al . 2010 ). On the other hand somaclonal variation is a basic method for inducing resistance in many plants against biotic and abiotic stresses (Chae et al., 1987; Kim et al., 1987 and Kariallappa, 2003). However Larkin and Scowkraft in 1981 coined a general term “somaclonal variation” for plant variants derived from any form of cell or tissue cultures , It is important that genetic variations occur in undifferentiated cells, isolated protoplasts, calli, tissues and morphological traits of in vitro raised plants (Bairu et al . 2011 ; Currais et al. 2013 ). So for inducing of variation in plants duo to somaclonal variation at first we need to a suitable and practical system for regeneration of plants. It means that denovo organs must to be regenerated by callusing phase. In this research we established a system for sesame regeneration and compared resistance of regenerated and seeded sesame against Fusarium oxysporumfspsesami that is a one of the most devastating agents for sesame in Iran. Also In Iran alike all over the world sesame is the quine of oilseed.
This important oilseed ranks third among the oilseed in production. Its oil content varies from 44 – 66 % containing two unsaturated fatty acids – oleic and linoleic together account for 85% (Maximum) with a combination of different essential amino acids and vitamins particularly β carotene (Brar, 1982 and Arslan et al., 2007).