Development of Liquid Formulation of native Rhizobium sp. for effective plant nourishment
Abstract
In the current study bacteria having potential to fix nitrogen symbiotically were isolated from Soybean plant roots on Yeast extract Mannitol agar from roots. They were screened on basis of Acetylene gas reduction assay & various plant growth promoting factors. They were subjected to morphological, biochemical & molecular characterization. The liquid formulations were made by amendments with additives & emulsifier in the liquid carrier of most potential strain SNFB 03 was identified as Rhizobium sp. It was found to be most effective on the Soybean growth parameters und er green house studies.
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Introduction
Daniel Rutherford in 1772 discovered Nitrogen which is colorless & odorless .There is a triple bond present in the di Nitrogen (N ) which readily can’t accept or donate electrons. Nitrogen fixation is a key process in which molecular Nitrogen 2 is reduced to form ammonia, the form of Nitrogen that is used by living systems for the synthesis of many bio-organic compounds. The Nitrogen cycle can be defined as transfer among the inorganic forms of Nitrogen. Few microorganisms have ability to fix atmospheric Nitrogen, so as to make it available to plants in usable form. With increase in world population, there has been increased reliability on Nitrogen fertilizers to meet with the demands of food and economic growth rates. This reliability on synthetic chemicals causes environmental problems. Nowadays we are exploiting Biological Nitrogen fixation process for an eco friendly approach for sustainable agriculture. Biological Nitrogen-fixation is a complex process that involves a number of functional and regulatory gene products [1]
The Nitrogen in the basic component of Nucleic acids (i.e. both DNA & RNA) and Proteins. It is required for the production of Chlorophyll-the plant pigment .Deficiency in Nitrogen is detected by necrosis of older leaves, slow and stunted growth, chlorosis of lower leaves, Yellow coloration from leaf tip. The yield is reduced in case of Nitrogen deficient crops as they mature early, bear few tillers, grain yield is low in protein content [2]. For past many decades biofertilizers are being used to replace chemical fertilizers. Currently used biofertilizer are solid carrier based which have drawback of low shelf life, unable to sustain adverse condition, upon application they form clumps leading to reduced efficiency. To overcome the drawbacks of the solid based biofertilizer, liquid bioinoculant have been developed. Liquid biofertilizers are unique liquid formulation containing the desired beneficial microorganisms and their biological secretions, along with special cell protectants or substances that encourage the formation of dormant spores or cysts for longer shelf life and tolerance to adverse conditions [3].This study aimed at isolation and formulation of liquid bioinoculant of competent symbiotic Nitrogen fixers from Soyabean plant rhizosphere. Green house studies were conducted to check the efficacy of competent liquid bioinoculant on the Soybean plant.
Conclusion
In recent years much attention has been paid to natural agricultural practices in expectation of moving towards environmentally sustainable development. Current trends in agriculture are focusing on the diminution of the use of chemical pesticides and inorganic fertilizers, compelling the search for alternative ways to improve soil fertility and crop production. In current investigation a liquid formulation of symbiotic Nitrogen fixer was made and its efficacy was studied at green house level. This study advocates the application of liquid microbial inoculants as Potential biofertilizers. This liquid bioinoculant provides low -input cost in agricultural systems for decomposition of organic matter and release of nutrients for enhancing plant growth.