Digital Marketing Adoption and Its Effect on Sales Performance of Small Fisheries Enterprises
Abstract
Digital marketing has become integral to modern business practice, yet its adoption among small-scale fisheries enterprises remains limited and understudied. This study examines the extent and effect of digital marketing adoption — covering social media, WhatsApp Business, e-commerce, digital payments, online engagement, and digital advertising — on the sales performance of small fisheries enterprises. Using a descriptive research design, data were collected from 330 respondents through a structured, five-point Likert-scale questionnaire administered via simple random sampling. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and correlation analysis were applied. Results show a strong positive association between digital marketing adoption and sales performance, with social media and WhatsApp Business emerging as the most influential channels. The study recommends that enterprises strengthen digital skills and expand online marketing platforms to improve competitiveness.
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Introduction
Digital marketing has become an essential component of contemporary business strategy, enabling firms to promote products and services, access new markets, and expand sales. Within the fisheries sector, many small enterprises face geographical isolation, intense competition, and shifting consumer preferences that traditional marketing approaches struggle to address. Digital channels — including social media, e-commerce platforms, online advertising, and mobile applications — offer these businesses an opportunity to overcome such constraints and engage customers more effectively.
Small fisheries enterprises are important economic actors in coastal communities, generating employment and food security, yet many continue to rely on conventional marketing methods that may be poorly suited to a rapidly digitalising economy. This creates a pressing need to examine how, and to what extent, small fisheries enterprises are adopting digital marketing, and whether such adoption translates into measurable improvements in sales performance.
This study therefore examines the level of digital marketing adoption among small fisheries enterprises, the specific channels used, the effect of adoption on sales performance, and the challenges enterprises encounter in the process. Specifically, the objectives are to assess the extent of digital marketing use; to explore the technologies and techniques employed, including social media, websites, e-commerce, and digital advertisements; to identify the channels preferred by small-scale fisheries enterprises; to evaluate the impact of digital marketing adoption on sales performance; to identify the barriers enterprises face in adopting digital marketing; and to suggest strategies for promoting sales through digital marketing.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates that digital marketing adoption has a substantial positive effect on the sales performance of small fisheries enterprises. Enterprises with higher levels of adoption, and particularly those with stronger digital marketing skills, consistently reported higher sales performance than those with limited adoption or skills. The strong positive correlation (r = .865) and the large effect sizes (Cramér's V = 0.667 for adoption, 0.695 for skills) provide robust evidence for the relationship.
Social media and WhatsApp Business emerged as the most influential channels, suggesting these platforms should be prioritised to expand market reach and strengthen customer relationships. The prevalence of these platforms among fisheries entrepreneurs is consistent with their low cost, ease of use, and widespread adoption in the broader population, making them accessible entry points for digital marketing.
However, the persistence of low adoption and skill levels among many respondents indicates that digital transformation in this sector remains incomplete. The adoption-skills gap identified in this study is particularly important: skills matter as much as (if not more than) adoption itself. Enterprises with high adoption but low skills are unlikely to realise the performance benefits of digital marketing.
References
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