Effect of Bioculture Fertilizer and Biological Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Tomato Plants (Solanum Lycopersicum L.), Servo F1 Variety
Abstract
The aim of the research was to determine the effect of bioculture and biofertilizers and their interactions on the growth and yield of Servo F1 tomato varieties and to obtain appropriate concentrations of biocultural and biofertilizers for tomato plants.
The research was conducted from May to July 2022, at the UPTB Agricultural Training Center (BAPELTAN) Jl. Thoyib Hadiwijaya No.36, South Sempaja urban village, North Samarinda sub-District, Samarinda, East Kalimantan Province. The study used a 4x4 factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four (4) repetitions. The first factor was the concentration of bioculture fertilizer (B), consisting of 4 levels, namely: no bioculture fertilizer application or control (b ), 10 0 ml L-1 water (b ), 20 ml L-1 water (b ), and 30 ml L-1 water (b ). The second factor is biofertilizers (H) consisting of 4 levels, 1 2 3 namely: no biofertilizers application of control (h ), 5 ml L-1 water (h ), 10 ml L-1 water (h ), and 15 ml L-1 water (h ). 0 1 2 3 The data collected were plant height at 20, 40 and 60 days after planting, plant age at flowering, number of fruits per plant and fruit weight per plant. Data analysis was carried out using analysis of variance and continued with the leasr significant difference test at the 5% level.
The results showed that: (1) application of bioculture fertilizers had avery significant effect on the plant height at 20, 40 and 60 days after planting, and fruit weight per plant. The highest fruit weight per plant was produced in the treatment 30 ml L-1 water (b ) namely 156,25 gcrop-1, and the lowest was produced in the treatment without bioculture fertilizers (b ), namely 3 0 128,75 gcrop-1; (2) application of biofertilizers had a significant to very significant effect on the plant height at aged 40 and 60 days after planting, number of fruits per plant and fruit weight per plant. The highest fruit weight per plant was produced in the treatment 15 ml L-1 water (h ) namely 156,25 gcrop-1, and the lowest was one was produced in the without biofertilizers 3 (h ), namely 128,75 gcrop-1; and (3) there is an interaction between the treatment of bioculture fertilizers and biofertilizers 0 on the plant height at the age of 20, 40 and 60 days after planting.
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Introduction
Tomato is a commodity that has high economic value and is cultivated by farmers in their farming activities to meet the needs of consumers and industry. From year to year, market demand for tomatoes is increasing, while tomato productivity has not been able to balance this increase. Tomato productivity needs to be further increased to meet domestic and export needs. Efforts to increase tomato production through extensification (expansion of the planting area) are carried out not only on potential land but also on marginal land with low soil fertility and are sensitive to erosion. Many things can be done to increase tomato productivity, from technical improvements in tomato cultivation to postharvest treatment. Efforts to improve tomato cultivation techniques are the availability of sufficient nutrients as plant food to grow and develop thereby affecting the quality and quantity of tomato yields. Therefore, it takes nutrients from outside, such as fertilizer.
Conventional farming systems, including the use of artificial fertilizers, can multiply crop yields. However, the negative impact can cause environmental damage, namely decreasing soil fertility so that agricultural land becomes damaged. The use of artificial fertilizers in large quantities resulted in a decrease environmental quality (Benbrook 1991). The use of artificial chemical fertilizers has a negative impact on the environment which results in damage to ecosystems (Cahyono, 2008). Intensive and continuous use of synthetic fertilizers can lead to hardening of the soil caused by the accumulation of residual artificial fertilizers, making it difficult for the soil to decompose. Hard soil produces several negative impacts including; (1) it becomes more difficult for plants to absorb nutrients, (2) the use of higher doses of fertilizer to get the same yield as the previous crop, and (3) the root system is disrupted so that the root function is not optimal (Notohadiprawiro, 2006). To overcome this, technology is needed that can save on the use of agrochemicals including artificial fertilizers, maintain soil fertility, improve product quality, use seeds from superior varieties as well as proper and balanced fertilization, and increase farmers' income (Rosliani et al. 2004).
At present it is known that there is a new agricultural technology, namely enzymatic technology in an effort to increase agricultural production. This enzymatic technology focuses on improving the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. One type of product of this enzymatic technology is bioculture which is made from a mixture of biological enzyme substrates, complex biological chelates, vitamins, and electrolyte salts and is added to water and then aerated for 1 week. Bioculture can change the soil to be more friable, increase soil pH, and beneficial microbes can develop properly, while soil pathogens can be suppressed (Setiono Hadi 2005).
Biological fertilizer (biofertilizer) is a fertilizer made from microbes that have the ability to provide nutrients and hormones for plant growth. Microbes contained in biological fertilizers applied to plants are able to bind nitrogen from the air, dissolve bound phosphates in the soil, breakdown complex organic compounds into simpler compounds, and stimulate plant growth (Suwahyono, 2011).
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of bioculture fertilizers and biofertilizers and their interactions on the growth and yield of Servo F1 variety tomatoes and to obtain concentrations of bioculture fertilizers and biofertilizers suitable for tomato plants.
Conclusion
4.1 Conclusion Based on the results of the research and discussion, it can be concluded as follows: 1. Application of bioculture fertilizers had avery significant effect on the plant height at aged 20, 40 and 60 days after planting, and fruit weight per plant, but had no significant effect on the plant age at flowering and number of fruits per plant. The highest fruit weight per plant was produced in the treatment 30 ml L-1 water (b ) namely 170,75 gcrop-1, and the lowest 3 was produced in the treatment without bioculture fertilizers (b ), namely only 111,00 gcrop-1. 0 2. Application of biofertilizers had a significant to very significant effect on the plant height at aged 40 and 60 days after planting, number of fruits per plant and fruit weight per plant, but had no significant effect on plant height 20 days after planting and plant age at flowering. The highest fruit weight per plant was produced in the treatment 15 ml L-1 water (h ) 3 namely 156,25 gcrop-1, and the lowest was produced in the treatment without biofertilizers (h ), namely only 128,75 g 0 crop-1. 3. There is an interaction between the treatment of bioculture fertilizers and biofertilizers on the plant height at the age of 20, 40 and 60 days after planting. 4.2 Suggestion For the cultivation of tomato plants in polybags, can be suggested using 30 ml L-1 water bioculture fertilizers and 15 ml L-1 biofertilizers.
Similar research can be carried out in various conditions in the field.