Effect of Organic and Inorganic Source of Nutrients on Yield of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under Teak (Tectona grandis) Based Agroforestry System

Cultivating agricultural crops and trees in tandem is an ancient practise allover the world. Agroforestry refers to long-term land use systems that combine trees with arable crops or animals on the same plot of land in some kind of spatial arrangement or temporal sequence. Agroforestry is recognised as one of the most effective strategies for achieving optimal multiple benefits through an interactive and intentional land use system and technologies in which trees are purposefully planted with agricultural crops or animals. It is a traditional practise in India and has received increased attention in recent years as a high-potential sustainable land use option. The various components of an agroforestry system interact in both ecological and economic ways (Lundgren and Raintree, 1982). Agroforestry systems are designed to meet the economic, social, and cultural needs of the local population while maintaining ecological balance. Multipurpose tree species (MPTS) have been introduced into agroforestry systems to increase the economic importance of the tree component. Multipurpose trees and shrubs are those that have more than one preferred use, product, and/or service.

Teak (Tectona grandis) is the most important high-value furniture wood grown in plantations allover the world. Teak is a relatively easy plantation species to establish, and due to the ongoing global demand for teakwood products, it has good economic prospects as a plantation species for fine woods. Ladrach, William (2009).

More than 70 nations in tropical and subtropical regions cultivate cotton, a significant fibre crop on a global scale. With a productivity of 493 kg lint/ha in 2011–12, India had the biggest area (121 lakh ha) and the second-highest production (353 lakh bales), only behind China (Anonymous, 2012). In terms of creating direct and indirect jobs in the agricultural and industrial sectors, cotton is significant to the national economy (Shivamurthy D 2012). Cotton exports makeup 65% of all textile exports and are responsible for 33% of all foreign exchange earnings for our nation (17 billion dollars). The production of cotton in Indian agriculture has seen a substantial transformation as a result of the introduction of Btcotton, which is renowned for its resistance to bollworms, into the nation over the past ten years. Since the introduction of Btcotton, the circumstances for growing cotton have improved in Karnataka. In 2012, 5.54 lakh hectares of cotton were used to produce 15.0 lakh bales of seed cotton at a productivity of 460 kg lint/ha. More than 90% of India'scotton land is now planted with btcotton. However, when small pests like mealy bugs, shoot weevils, midges, mirid bugs, cotton leaf curl virus, and physiological problems like leaf reddening, squire dropping, squire drying, and so on become a serious danger, productivity is reducing year after year. As stated by Hosmath (2012). Red leaf index (1.82) was substantially higher in Btcotton genotypes than in non-Btcotton genotypes (1.63). Lack of nitrogen and magnesium, which results in the synthesis of anthocyanin, is the primary cause of reddening. In this regard, the planning and execution of the present inquiry took place throughout the kharif seasons of 2020 and