Effects of Different Media on Micropropagation and Rooting of Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) in In Vitro Conditions
Abstract
Myrtle ( Myrtus communis L.) is a small tree shrub of the family Myrtace, grown naturally of t he Mediterranean area. Myrtle is very important as an antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic agent. Turkey has great genetic resources for myrtle. Propagation of myrtle genotypes is significant issue. Plant tissue culture techniques offer fast and reliable micropropagation for many plant species. Different media content could be used for micropropagation in in vitro condition. The aim of the present study is to determinate of effect s of different media on micropropagation and rooting in myrtle. For this purpose, Murashige and Skoog (MS), Rugini Olive Medium (OM) and Woody Plant Medium (WPM ) media were used for micropropagation and rooting experiments. All media were supplemented with 1 mg l-1 BA for micropropagation, 1 mg l-1 IBA for rooting . The rat e of micropropagation and plant length , rooting rate, number s of root and root length were determined. Rooted with well -developed shoots transferred to plastic pots containing autoclaved peat and perlite (1:1, v/v). The potted plants were placed in a green house. Acclimatized plants were compared after eight weeks.
Means were separated by analysis of variance and the LSD test was performed to examine significant differences. Based on the result, the best medium was detected WPM on micropropagation rate (6.75 per plant), and then MS ( 4.20 per plant), OM (3.70 per plant). According to rooting data the highest rooting r ate was calculated in WPM with 10 0%, rooting rate in OM and MS media was detected 70% and 5 0%, respectively.
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Introduction
Myrtus communis L., commonly named Myrtle, is an aromatic shrub of the Myrtaceae family, widespread all around the Medite rranean basin [1 ].
Myrtle generally grows in the areas with an altitude of 500 –600 m above the sea level, especially in pine forests and riversides in the Taurus Mountains of Turkey . Myrtle is also named as “hambeles”, “mersin” or “murt” in Turkish [2]. It can be grown successfully in soils under hot, arid environments. Besides the consumption of its fruits, myrtle, an aromatic woody species, is also utilized for ornamental purposes and for the production of antimicrobial compounds. This species has genotypes with bluish -black or yellowish -white colored fruits [3]. M. communis has a long history of use a s food preservative and in traditional medicine [1]. The aromatic biochemical compounds isolated from myrtle are used for anti -genotoxic, anti -mutagenic, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory purposes and culinary purposes, such as for the flavoring of sauces, confectionery, and beverages [4, 5,6,7 ]
Micropropagation is one of the most important applications of plant tissue culture. It provides numerous advantages over conventional propagation like mass production of true-to-type and disease -free plants of elite species in highly speedy manner irrespective of the season requiring smaller space and tissue source. Therefore, it provides a reliable technique for in vitro conservation of various rare, endangered and threatened germplasm. Micropropagation protocols have been standardized for commercial production of many important medicinal and horticultural crops [8]
Myrtle is known as among recalcitrant species. Therefore many researcher study in in vitro micropropagation and rooting of myrtle . The effects of indole -3-butyric acid ( IBA) and activated charcoal (AC) concentrations for in vitro rooting in Myrtle were investigated by Aka Kacar [9]. Şan et al. [6] investigated effects of different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ), 6 - benzylaminopurine (BAP) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on shoot formation and the effect of activated charcoal on rooting for myrtle clone „Aşı Mersin‟. Rezaee and Kamali [10] studied on effect of different media (MS and Woody Pl ant Medium -WPM) of myrtle micropropagation and rooting in in vitro conditions. Scarpa et al. [11] evaluated the influence of Page | 55 two IAA concentrations (0.5 mg l-1 and 1 mg l-1) and different medium for root induction in myrtle. Hatzilazarou et al. [12] investigated rooting capability of two M. communis clones.
Different plant tissue culture media could be used for routine micropropagation and rooting in in vitro conditions. Several species may be different responses on different media content in in vitro . The aim of this study is determined of effect of different plant tissue culture media in in vitro propagation and rooting on myrtle.
Conclusion
Many different biotechnological methods can be applied to plant to have better ones in the process of plant breeding. One of the widest applications of biotechnology has been in the area of plant tissue culture in fruit crops. Today plant tissue cu lture applications encompass much more than clonal propagation and micropropagation [19].
In conclusion, the WPM, OM and MS medium represent a valid in vitro micropropagation and rooting for the mass propagation. We showed that different media content cou ld be used for myrtle micropropagation and rooting. Comparative investigations among different media that shoot proliferation, rooting and growth were more efficient in WPM.
