Effects of Storage Methods on Lesser Grain Borer (Rhyzopertha dominica) during Rice (Oryza sativa) Storage in Yola, Adamawa State-Nigeria
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of some storage methods in controlling the effect of Lesser Grain Borer (LGB) on rice quality during storage. The experiment consisted of four treatment storage methods and laid in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Ten unsexed adults LGB were then introduced into a jar containing 200 g of rice grains and kept for 7 days under ambient conditions. Data were collected on the percentage mortality, weight loss, and 100 seeds weight loss and were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and SAS (Statistical software version 9.0) and means were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at a five percent level of significance (P ≤ 0.05). Percentage weight loss was impacted by the storage method in a highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) and floor storage gave the highest percentage weight loss of 9.12% whereas metallic and plastic containers had the lowest percentage weight loss (5.57% and 4% respectively). Similarly, it affected adult mortality of the lesser grain borer in a highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) with highest number of dead insects at 21 days (5.33 from jute bag and 4.67 from metallic jar). However, at 21 days, mortality was also highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) and polythene bag gave the highest value of 2.67 while lowest value was recorded of 0.00 floor storage. Plastic containers is the best for reducing percentage weight loss during storage of rice while polyethylene, plastic and metallic containers are the best for controlling Lesser Grain Borer during rice storage..
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Introduction
Rice (Oryza sativa) is an essential component of the diet of many people (Divyasree and Yadav, 2023) and it was estimated that half of the world's population subsists partly or wholly on rice (Karunakaran et al., 2004; Chougourou et al., 2013; Nehemiah et al., 2020; Pungavil et al., 2023). The byproducts are also used as animal feed, oil extraction, and manufacture of glass, solar panels, construction materials, biofuel, paper products, and flour (Nehemiah et al., 2020; Wastex, 2022). Broken rice grains are used for the distillation of alcohol and in the production of laundry starch. Traditionally, rice grains are stored in granaries, either in the threshed or uncherished forms. These traditional methods exposed stored grains to pest infestation.
Pest infestation in the field and during storage has greatly reduced the production of rice. In Nigeria, pest infestation plays a key role in keeping cereal production below the quality and quantities demanded by an increasing population and rapidly expanding livestock industry (Jia et al., 2008). The Lesser Grain Borer (LGB) (Rhyzopertha dominica) is a major cosmopolitan pest affecting stored rice the world over (Chougourou et al., 2013). A survey on the incidence of major pests of rice in different agro-ecological zones of Nigeria showed in general, that the amount of damage caused by LGB was high (Soto et al., 1976; Chougourou et al., 2013; Suleiman et al., 2020). It also shows that both the larvae and adult stages of this insect devour the kernel, causing weight loss (Johnson, undated; Ahmad et al., 2021).
Conclusion
It can be concluded from the results obtained in this study, that plastic containers is the best for reducing percentage weight loss during storage of rice while polyethylene, plastic and metallic containers are the best for controlling Lesser Grain Borer during rice storage. Farmers in the study area can therefore adopt it as an eco-friendly and low rice storage method.
References
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