Efficacy of Fungicides against Anthracnose of Green Gram Caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum
Abstract
Green gram (Vigna radiata L.)is autogamous diploid grain legume crop belonging to Leguminosae family. Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is a serious disease in almost all green gram growing areas. Five systemic, five non-systemic and five ready mixed fungicides were evaluated against C. lindemuthianum under in vitro by poison food technique. Among the systemic fungicides, highest mean inhibition of mycelial growth obtained with tebuconazole (100%) followed by carbendazim (78.33%) and difenoconazole (75.18%). Among the non-systemic fungicides, highest mean mycelial growth inhibition was obtained by copper oxychloride with 100 percent followed by mancozeb with 84.62 per cent. Among ready mixed fungicides, carbendazim + mancozeb and tebuconazole + trifloxystrobin were significantly higher than the rest of the ready mixed fungicides with 100 percent mycelial growth inhibition followed by azoxystrobin + difenoconazole and captan + hexaconazole with percentage of 95.37 and 83.42, respectively.
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Introduction
The green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is one of the third most important pulse crop of India after chickpea and pigeonpea. It is autogamous diploid (2n=22) grain legume crop belonging to Leguminosae family. It is also commonly known as mung, mungbean, green gram in India and mungo in Philippines. It is an erect, sub-erect, deep rooted, much branched, somewhat hairy, herb with the height from 30 to 160 cm. It is an ancient and well-known leguminous crop of Asia and India. It is quite versatile crop grown for seeds, green manure and forage.
India is the principal producer of green gram in the world with an annual production of 3.17 million tonnes from an area of 5.5 million hectares with productivity of 570 kg/ha. (Anonymous, 2022a). Green gram total area in Gujaratis 1690.29 ha, productivity 1368.88 MTand yield is 809.85 kg/ha (Anonymous, 2022b). In recent years, anthracnose of green gram caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magn.) Briosi and Cavara has become one of the serious disease of green gram. In India, the green gram anthracnose was first reported from Jorhat of Assam state during 1951 (Majid, 1953). The average seed yield loss of 40.18 percent and stalk yield loss of 46.90 percent was noticed due to anthracnose of green gram (Kulkarni, 2009). Considering the severity of this disease and frequent occurrence in the fields, it has been felt necessity to develop effective management strategies. Thus, attempts have been made to evaluate the efficacy of fungicides against anthracnose disease caused by C. lindemuthianum.
