Evaluation of Seed and Oil Yield with Some Yield Components of Safflower Varieties in Kahramanmaras (Turkey) Conditions
Abstract
Oilseeds production of Turkey is not available to meet domestic requirements. Turkey has been facing a recurring shortage of vegetable oils for many years. Presently, about 50% of vegetable oil being consumed in Turkey has to be imported. Turkey has a suitable climate for producing of many oilseeds. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a multipurpose crop. Traditionally, the crop was grown for its seeds, and flower petals were used for coloring and flavoring foods. For the last fifty years, the plant has been cultivated mainly for the vegetable oil extracted from its seeds. Thus, there is an urgent need to take immediate actions for increasing oilseed production through growing underutilized and minor oilseeds like safflower. Increased safflower production will reduce the import of oilseeds and help meet our domestic oil requirement. This research was conducted to determine the seed and oil yield with some yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) varieties in Kahramanmaras (Turkey) conditions using a randomized complete block design with four replications in 2015. In the study, Dincer, Balcı, Remzibey, Rio, Nebraska 10, Oleicleed, Quiriego 88, San Jose 89, Sina and Gila cultivars were used as the plant material. These ten safflower varieties were evaluated for plant height, branch number and head number per plant, 1000 -seed weigh t, hull ratio, seed oil content, seed and oil yield. The results showed that plant height, branch number per plant, head number per plant, 1000 -seed weight, hull ratio and seed oil content for ten safflower cultivars ranged between 40.15 -46.80 cm, 4.58 -6.65, 8.23 -14.20, 34.85 -45.99 g, 36.12 -45.51 % and 29.53 -35.31 %, respectively. The highest seed yield (992.3 kg ha-1) and the lowest seed yield (826.8 kg ha-1) were obtained from the varieties Balcı and Sina, respectively. Balcı variety had the highest seed yield and gave the highest oil yield.
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Introduction
Increasing world population leads to an increase in demand for food. This demand also increases the demand for vegetable oil. The basic raw material for the vegetable oil production is oilseeds. According to data in 2014, oilseed plants were cultivated in the 231 million hectares of land and 536 million tons of oilseeds were produced in the world. The same year, world crude vegetable oil production was 176 million tons. Sixty-four percent of the world crude vegetable oil production comes from palm and soybean oil (Ozturk, 2016).
Oilseed crops growing have always been an important subject in Turkey agriculture. Due to rapid population growth and limited amount of oilseeds production in Turkey, vegetable oil need of our country continues to increase. Despite the efforts of the government to increase oilseeds production, Turkey continues to be import dependent due to a net deficit of oilseeds and products. Turkey, in 2014 the realized crude vegetable oil production around 1.5 million tones, but the total crude oil supply in the market has been around 3 million tons. The highest crude oil supply in Turkey is seen in sunflower and palm oil. Approximately 75% of the total supply of crude oil are provided from abroad (crude oil imports directly and domestic crude oil production from imported oilseeds) (Ozturk, 2016). In order to increase our production of vegetable oil, it should be utilize from our different ecological areas that had an agricultural potential determining the crop patterns and the region is necessary to expand the cultivation of other oilseed crops.
In this context, safflower has a potential to meet much of Turkey’s oil demand. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an important oilseed crops that can be used for many different purposes. Considering the oil consumption of our country, safflower is an important plant can be grown in areas where rainfall is limited, especially. Therefore, in different parts and location of our country it is useful to continue the study on this plant. In this study, seed and oil yield with some yield components of 10 safflower cultivars were investigated in Kahramanmaras conditions.
Conclusion
In the present study, which was conducted under the conditions of Kahramanmaraş (Turkey) province to determine the performance of 10 safflower cultivars, demonstrated that all investigated characteristics were significantly affected by cultivar. Among the tested cultivars, seed yield of 826.8 -992.3 kg ha-1 and oil yield of 268.0 - 336.5 kg ha-1 were changed and the highest seed and oil yield were obtained from cultivar Balcı, but Sina gave the lowest. The results obtained in the study suggest that genotype, environmental factors and cultivation techniques had influence on the variation among cultivars for seed and oil yield. Significant differences were observed between cultivars for oil content, which is considered as a significant criterion. Based on the study, the highest oil content was produced by Oleicleed (35.31%). In conclusion, in this study, which was conducted to demonstrate the performance of 10 safflower cultivars, the cultivar Balcı were shown to have the highest seed and oil yield.
