Evaluation of the Biological Efficacy of Fungus and Bacteria Isolated from Mushroom Substrates against Pathogenic Fungi
Abstract
In vitro efficacy of fungus and bacteria isolated from mushroom substrates were evaluated against selected pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Colletotrichum corchori). There were four fungi Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma harzianum, and Penicilliumsp and four bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas sp. and Paenibacillus polymyxa isolated from substrate. Different biochemical and pathogenicity test were performed to confirm their species. In in-vitro dual culture method T. harzianum showed the highest inhibition incase of Fusarium oxysporum (70.26%) followed by Sclerotium rolfsii (59.94%) and Colletotrichum corchori (57.02%) whereas Penicillium sp showed the least significant result against these pathogens. To inhibit the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii and F. oxysporum. Pseudomonas spp. was significant around 72.19% and 62.62% respectively. On a comparative study among the four isolated bacteria and fungi Pseudomonas sp. and T. harzianum showed the best significant antagonistic activity against all the selected plant pathogenic fungi.
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Introduction
Among the edible fungi, mushroom is a large reproductive structure, which is the most popular nutritious, delicious and medicinal vegetable around the world. Materials containing cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin (i.e., rice and wheat straw, cottonseed hulls, sawdust, waste paper, leaves, and sugarcane residue) can be used as mushroom substrates (Chang, 1989). Remarkable various factors are responsible for lower mushroom production in Bangladesh. Among the different factors, fungal and bacterial disease and their antagonistic effect on mushroom is one of the major influential factors, which can initiate from the mushroom substrate.
Usually chemical components are not prescribed for the management of diseases because they have negative impression on the environment and human health. Antifungal agents produced by some fungus and bacteria in mushroom have shown to be beneficial to control pathogenic fungi (Chang and Kim, 2007). Some bacteria belonging to the species Pseudomonas and Bacillus have been reported to exert promoting effects on the growth of mushrooms, including P. eryngii (Kim et al., 2007). Trichoderma harzianum used as potential biocontrol agents against different Fusarium sp. (Marten etal., 2000; Siddiqui, 2005).
Keeping these facts in mind the study was undertaken to evaluate the biological activities of isolated bacteria and fungi against selected pathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotium rolfsii, Colletotrichum corchori).
Conclusion
The present study was based on the presence of bacteria and fungus on mushroom substrate and their antagonistic effect against Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotium rolfsii and Colletotrichum corchori.
On a comparative study among the four isolated fungi Trichoderma harzianum isolated from different mushroom substrate was found effective against the selected pathogenic fungi. Thus, Trichoderma harzianum could be used as bio-control agent against those pathogenic fungi. Further works need to be conducted to research the method of application of Trichoderma harzianum against those fungi. Among the four isolated bacteria Pseudomonas sp. showed the best significant antagonistic activity against all the selected plant pathogenic fungi. After Pseudomonas sp. Bacillus subtilis had the most significant antagonistic activity.
