Experimental Research on Primary Wave Height Generated by Integral Landslide in Channel Type Reservoir

Due to the fluctuation of reservoir water level during the initial stage or operation period, the potential landslide body in the reservoir area is under the condition of freezing and thawing, dry and wet alternate, it’s prone to huge landslides. The landslides slide into the river in a short period of time of high-speed slide, inevitably aroused huge waves which caused serious damages: Affect the safety of the sail upstream and downstream, pose a threat to the residents' life and property along the river on both sides; If the wave height in the front of the dam is close to or exceed the height of the dam crest, it will inevitably cause flooding which will damage reservoir hydraulic structures; Surge overflow dam crest, the flood will destroy the farmland, houses, roads and railways of downstream and threaten the safety of lives and property of urban residents. Therefore, investigating the primary wave height aroused by the river reservoir landslide as well as its influencing factors and put forward the calamity degree of landslide surge have very important practical significance for effectively advance the prevention and reduction of disaster losses caused by the landslide surge on both sides of the river and dam building. 

At present, many domestic and foreign scholars achieved certain results in the study of landslide physical model experiment. In the study of landslide surge, the experiment is divided into two kinds: the conceptual physical model experiment and specific physical model experiment for the landslide surge. In conceptual landslide surge physical model experiment, the most are just simple simulation of generalized, the factors to consider each are not identical and the parameter selection is not unified. The following are simple analysis of the existing landslide surge simulation: 

1. Edward.Noda(1970) [1] and Pan Jiazhen [2] mainly considered the two extreme sports of the rigid sliding block in horizontal and vertical, the factor of the obtained formula of landslide surge height is relatively single. 

2. Kamphuis and Bowering(1970) [3] analyzed the characteristics of the landslide surge according to the physical model experiment and theory and put forward the main factors affecting surge height were the slider volume, the Froude number and the depth of water, but not considering the influence of entering water angle. 

3. B. Ataie-Ashtiani [4] used the cement to make a rectangular and wedge shape as a rigid landslide model, the flexible landslide model was made by using the gravel and other granular materials. Considering the influence of the length, width and thickness of the landslide. The flexible landslide model was considered for the first time. 

4. Changjiang River Scientiffic Research Institute of Changjiang Water Resources Commission [5-6] take the landslide initial state as rectangular grain stone deposit, the landslide was controlled by the box body and it will all broken after breaked away from the box. Deposit landslide model mainly consider the particle size of scattered stone. 

5. China University of geosciences [7] manufactures the landslide with cement and gravel and considered the length, width and thickness of landslide. Making the shape of the landslide into a cuboid, six or seven of the wedge body. 

In this paper, we take the landslide as the research object and carries on the conceptual physical model experiment. Synthesizing each kind of factors, such as landslide volume, sliding plane obliquity, water depth and slide head that impact the primary wave height. Obtained the primary wave height with the variation of the influencing factors and significant trends by variance analysis and carried on theoretical analysis.