Grain Yield and Some Quality Traits of Different Oat (Avena sativa L.) Genotypes
Abstract
Oat cultivars should have both high yield potential and some quality criteria in accordance with using targets. Hence, grain yield and some quality traits of 25 oat genotypes grown in two consecutive years were studied. This study was carried out during the 2012 –2013 and 2013 –2014 growing seasons in Yozgat, Turkey. Grain yield, plant height, hectolitre weight, thousand grain weight, great percentage and grain composition (protein, f at, ash, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), β -glucan and starch) were evaluated. Analysis of the combined data for two years showed significant genotypic differences for all traits. According to the average of two years, among the genotypes, grain yield varied from 2432.3 (2 numbered genotype) to 5650.2 (19 numbered genotype) kg ha-1, plant height from 76.3 to 128.3 cm, hectoliter weight from 41.5 to 52.3 kg, thousand grain weight from 24.5 to 41.3 g, groat percentage from 70.4 to 76 .6 %, protein content from 11.1to 14.3 %, fat content from 5.86 to 8.47 %, ash ratio from 2.52 to 3.43 %, ADF content from 11.0 to 16.4 %, NDF content from 29.5 to 37.3 %, β-glucan content from 1.33 to 2.58 % and starch content ranged from 34.9 to 47.7 %. Grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with thousand grain weight (r = 0.253**) and neutral detergent fibre (r = 0.160**). However, correlations between grain yield with crude protein (r = -0.216**) and hectolitre weight (r = 0.246) were significantly and negative.
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Introduction
Oat ( Avena sativa L.) is an important cereal crop that is grown all over the world for human food and animal feed. In proportion to other cereal crops, oat is considered to be better suitable for production under marginal environments, including cool-wet region and soils with low fertility (Hoffmann, 1995; Buerstmayr et al., 2007 ). For human consumption, oat grains are highly noticeable as a functional food rich in protein and fiber. Traits most generally used to describe oat quality include test weight, thousand kernel weight, groat percentage and grain chemical composition. The important grain compositional traits relating to quality include the protein, fat, and β -glucan concentrations (Douhlert et al., 2001).
For human food oat groat is required, that high in protein, β -glucan and low in fat, whereas high fat and low β -glucan with the high protein is required for animal feeding to maximize the energy (Peterson et al., 2005).
The oat trade is very dynamic with new cultivars releasing every year. Grain features of these varieties may have effect in animal performance as well as human health. Then, once oat grain is harvested, its chemical attributes are the main interest according to intended consumption (Martinez et al., 2010).
The objective of this study was to evaluate different oat genotypes in order to compare grain yield and some important quality traits during two consecutive years in the Central Anatolia Region in Turkey.
Conclusion
There were significant differences in grain yield, plant height, hectolitre weight, thousand grain weight, groat percentage, starch, protein content, fat concentration, β -glucan, acid detergent fiber , neutral detergent fiber among different oat genotypes used in this study. According to the average of years, mean grain yield ranged from 2432.4 kg ha-1 to 5650.4 kg ha-1. Although 19 numbered genotype ( Trophy/Horizon 474) had the highest grain yield, its quality traits was lower compared to other cultivars. According to some results of this study, cultivars might be bred for high performance with a diversity of genetic properties.
