Hydrogeochemical of Oued Ouerrha and Oued Sra, Taounate (Rif, Morocco)
Abstract
The superficial waters of Taounate district are particularly affected by the pollution problem that threatens their physicochemical quality. The city of Taounate, because of its growing demography, these superficial watercourses are currently threatened by wastewaters discharges. In order to establish a diagnosis of their state of pollution, water samples were taken at two stations on OuedOuerrha and two others on its tributary OuedSra, to make a comparison between these two watercourses.
The physicochemical characterization of downstream stations, especially in OuedSra, shows high levels in terms of BOD5 (180 mg/L), COD (288 mg/L), and MES (152 mg/L), with a pH of 8,00 and a decrease in dissolved oxygen levels (4,8 mg/L) due essentially to urban discharges from the city of Taounate.
Otherwise, the influences of liquid discharges would certainly lead to the degradation of the quality of these waters. This situation may be aggravated by climate change, whose consequences could have adverse effects on the potential of water resources, both in terms of quantity and quality.
Keywords
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Introduction
In Morocco, country with semi-arid climate, water resources are quite low.Several surface water have problems with the degradation of their quality. In the Taounateregion, these waters have a fairly high degree of pollution especially at the downstream stations of these watercourses, essentially due to liquid wastewater discharges.
Lack of awareness among the population about the protection of the environment, the rapid growth of agglomerations, as well as the uncontrolled discharges of margins, in these two watercourses, mainly OuedOuerrha or often dumped in sanitation sewers without any treatment, contain free fatty acids and phenolic compounds in high concentrations ranging from 4 to 15 g/L [1]. All this certainly contributes to an imbalance of the aquatic environment and generates polluting elements, may change their physicochemical characteristics.
In this context, the purpose of our study is to determine the hydro-chemical parameters of OuedOuerrha and its tributary Oued Sra. To determine the causes contributing to the degradation of these two watercourses and then measure their degree of pollution.
Conclusion
After the analysis of the different physico-chemical parameters carried out on the four sampling stations of the surface waters, have shown that OuedOuerrha and its tributary OuedSra are polluted rivers in downstream stations. However, the pollution parameters observed in the Khemalcha station, downstream from the OuedSrâ, show high concentrations of 
, COD, ammonium, total phosphorus and orthophosphates, essentially due to the rejection of the WWTP from the city of Taounate.
The results of the phenol index represent high levels in November and February (trituration period of margins). Indeed, this increase depends on the nature of the rejections of the margins, the variability of the type of olive, of their maturation according to the season of collection, the procedure of the extraction of olive oil and the climatic conditions.
Finally, it is recommended that several initiatives be put in place when the reuse of wastewater when treating margins:
- Reuse of all or part of the wastewater in irrigation, would reduce the quantitative and qualitative human pressure on the water resources;
- The watering of green spaces and urban landscaping also allowed people to have a better living environment;
- Installation of several natural lagoon treatment plants near major agglomerations, as the region does not contain greatfactories producing toxic chemicals or heavy metals;
- Water saving associated with the reuse of wastewater would allow sustainable management of these water resources;
- Margins treatment processes, consisting of trapping, concentrating or transforming polluting substances to reduce the polluting characteristics of industrial effluents before rejection;
- Finally, construction of sufficient basins of accumulation of margins in the province-wide production rate.
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