Impact of Bio-fertilizer with NP Application on yield and yield components of wheat variety Tijaban-10

Bio fertilizer is defined as a substance which contains living organisms when applied to seed, plant surface or soil, colonize the rhizosphere or the interior of plant and promotes growth by increasing supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant (Vessey, 2003). Bio-fertilizers are well recognized as an important component of integrated plant nutrient management for sustainable agriculture and hold a great promise to improve crop yield (Narulaet al., 2005). Microbial inoculants or bio fertilizer is an important component of organic farming which helps the crops through required nutrients. These microbes help to fix atmospheric nitrogen, soluble and mobilize phosphorous, translocate minor elements like zinc, copper to the plants, produce plant growth promoting hormones, vitamins, amino acid and control plant pathogenic fungi. It improves the soil health and increase crop production. Bio-fertilizer like rhizobium,azotobacter, azospirillum and blue green algae are in use since long. Azospirillum inoculants are recommended mainly for wheat, sorghum, millets, maize, sugar cane and vegetable crops. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are free living microorganisms having beneficial effects on plants by colonizing their roots. They include such effects as the production of phytohormones, auxin, cytokines and gibberellins (Garcia, 2001) and enhanced the release of the nutrients to plantsBalochistan Agricultural Research & Development Centre western bypass Brewerey Quetta, Pakistan (Nautical et al., 2000). The microorganisms involved in P volatilization can enhance plant growthby increasing the efficiency of biological nitrogen fixation, enhancing the availability of other trace elements and by production of plants growth promoting substances (Gyaneshwaret al., 2002). Azotobacter and azospirillum significantly increased wheat and barley yield in irrigated land as well as in rain fed. Although, the inoculation treatment increased irrigated wheat yield on an average by 24%, the obtained difference depends on the farmers’ location with increasing environmental index (Pauwet al,. 2008). In 2005 -06 the Biofertilizer treatment increased irrigated grain yields by 11% in Honam, while the yield of rain fed barley increased by 36% .In the follow year, grain yield of irrigated wheat increased by 24%.These differences in response are suggested to be an effect of the fertility level of the soil and the fertilizer application .Wheat and in particular irrigated wheat, is grown on the most fertile soil and receives the highest amount of mineral fertilizers. On the contrary, rain fed barley is grown on the most marginal soil with low inherent fertility and no mineral fertilizer. This is supported by other researches (Ali et al., 2005). After the introduction of chemical fertilizers in the last century, farmers were happy of getting increased yield in agriculture in the beginning. But slowly chemical fertilizers started displaying their ill- effects such as leaching out and polluting water basins, destroying micro-organisms and friendly insects, making the crop more susceptible to the attack of diseases, reducing the soil fertility and thus causing irreparable damage to the overall system (Wu et al., 2005). The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of bio fertilizer with NP application on yield and yield components of wheat variety ‘Tijaban-10 in agro-climatic zone of Quetta Balochistan.