Impact of Biofertilizers on Crop Seeds
Abstract
A laboratory experiments were conducted during the year of 2012-2014 at Annamalai University of cuddalore district under irrigated conditions to formulate site –specific nutrient management and efficiency of treatments known by comparing with rice, sunflower and black gram seeds. And the treatments includes control, 10%, 5%, 2.5% and 1% vermicompost, 10%, 5%, 2.5% and 1% phosphobacteria, 10%, 5%, 2.5% and 1% azospirillum. And the above treatments are applied to all the three seeds ie, rice, sunflower, black gram. The numbers of seeds used for the experiment are 50 seeds of paddy, 20 seeds of black gram and 10 seeds of sunflower. Highest values for plant biomass root and shoot length was noticed in 10 % all the treatments.
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Introduction
Nutrients play an important role in crop growth and development. Among the nutrients, N is one of the major nutrients that enhance the metabolic processes that based on protein, leads to increases in vegetative, reproductive growth and yield of the crop. Phosoporus soulubilizing bacteria possess the ability to bring insoluble phosphorus in the soil into soluble forms by secreting organic acids such as formic, acetic, propionic, glycolic, fumaric and succinic acids. And vermicompost is an established organic soil amendment produced by a non-thermophilic process in which the organic matter is broken down through interactions between earthworm and microorganisms under aerobic condition. vermicompost have been demonstrated to be valuable soil amendment that offer a balanced nutritional release pattern to plants. Providing nutrients such as available nitrogen, soluble potassium, exchangeable calicium, mangesium and phosphorus that can betaken readily by the plants (Edward, 1998 and Edwards and Fletcher, 1988). Application of vermicompost along with chemical fertilizers increase the uptake of N, P, K nutrients when compared to chemical fertilizers alone (Bhadoria and Prakash, 2003).Chaudhary et al.(2004) reported that apart from nutrients supply and availability, vermicompost also improves the fertilizer use efficiency by increasing the nutrient uptake of plants. Vermicomposting is a biodegradation system which stabilizes sludge and reduces its pathogenicity. Application of high analysis NPK fertilizers and very limited use of FYM cause micronutrient depletion in soils, which appears to have special role in influencing the test weight and seed filling (Tufail et al., 1990). Azospirillum reported that Azospirillum inoculation of increased the nitrogen uptake by sunflower (Anand, 1994). Sivakumar (1994) also stated that seed soaking in GA 45 ppm + Azospirillum increased the nitrogen uptake 3 by sunflower. Nandhagopal et al. (2003) reported that inoculation of Azospirillum assisted inN fixation and contributed for the improved nutrient uptake of sunflower.
Conclusion
The study revealed that the different concentrations of biofertilizers compared showed varying levels of germination response of crop seeds. The magnitude of germination was increasing with increasing concentrations of bio fertilizer.