Influence of Plant Growth Regulators and Explant Type on Multiple Shoot Induction and Somatic Embryogenesis in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Abstract
Sesamum indicum L. is used as an important oil crop in the world. For establishing of a simple and a rapid system for in vitro culture of se same shoot tips and hypocotyls explants were cultured on MS media with different combinations and concentrations of PGRs. On medium with 5 mgl-1BA plus 1 mgl-1 IAA and 1 mgl -1 ABA multiple shoot induction on explants was occurred. Multiple shoot indution on medium supplemented with 2 mgl-1BA and 0.3 mgl-1 NAA happen with a short phase of callusing. Also MS medium with 3 mgl-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mgl-1 kinetin was a suitable medium for inducing of somatic embryogenic calli wit h the frequency of sub -culturing potential. Regenerated shoots on both media rooted on MS medium plus 1.5 mgl-1 NAA and 0.03 mgl-1 BA and whole regenerated plantlets formed.
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Introduction
Sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.) is an important crop in tropical and subtropical areas. This important crop ranks third among the oilseed in production. Its oil content varies from 44 – 66 % containing two unsaturated fatty acids – oleic and linoleic together account for 85% (Maximum) with a combination of different essential amino acids and vitamins particularly β carotene (Brar, 1982 and Arslan et al., 2007). Sesame cultivated in Iran in central, north – western, north – eastern, western and eastern parts. Also sesame is one of the most desirable oils due to demanded perfume and demanded flavour in our country. Cultivation of sesame suffers from considerable yield loss because of pathogenic diseases like phytophthora blight and root/stem rot (Gangopadhyay et al., 1998). In addition, it is difficult to the time of harvest a sesame crop to maximize yield because plant growth is indeterminate and capsules dehisce when mature (Day, 2000). Conventional methods for improvement is slow, felt difficult, owing to nonavailability of desired genetic variation in cultivated types. Though a few wild species are known to carry resistance genes, it is difficult to transfer owing to presence of inter -specific barriers (Shashidhara et al., 2011).
Biotechnological approach like exploitation through somaclones, genetic transformation requires a dependable, flexible and reproducible callus initiation and shoots regeneration system (Shashidhara et al., 2011). So in the present investigation, we made an attempt to use different plant growth regulators and different explants for callus induction and producing somatic embryo and regenerated organs (shoot and root) in sesame.
