Integrated Management of Bacterial Leaf Blight of Rice under Field Condition
Abstract
The present study was conducted on evaluation of different fungicides, antibiotics and antagonists against bacterial blight disease under field conditions. Among them, combi fungicide streptomycin sulphate 18.75 w/v + oxytetracycline 2 w/v (200ppm)+ trifloxystrobin 25 + tebuconazole 50 (75WG) at 0.03 percent was found significantly superior and most effective for the control of bacterial blight and recorded minimum disease intensity (26.28%), the highest grain yield (5.63 kg/plot), highest straw yield (7.08kg/plot) and the highest test grain weight (27.43g) which was statistically at par with streptomycin sulphate 18.75 w/v + oxytetracycline 2 w/v (200ppm) + azoxystrobin 18.2 + difenconazole 11.4 SCat 0.03 per cent. Followed by streptomycin sulphate 90 w/v + tetracycline hydrochloride 10 w/v at 1000ppm and copper oxychloride 50 WP at 1.25 per cent, respectively.
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Introduction
Rice (Oryza sativa L.)is often referred to as the "queen of cereal crops" due to its critical role as a staple food for roughly half of the global population (Qudsia et al., 2017). Rice crop is not only vital for global food security but also plays a significant role in economic development, job creation, social stability, and regional peace (Yadev and Kumar, 2018). In the 2023-2024 period, global rice production reached approximately 518.14 million metric tons, marking a 0.87 percent increase. In India, the production was around 134 million metric tons, reflecting a 7 percent increase compared to the average over the previous five years. India cultivated rice on 43.66 million hectares, yielding 118.87 million tonnes with a productivity rate of 2722 kg per hectare (Anonymous, 2021). In contrast, Gujarat'srice cultivation covers 0.90 million hectares, producing 2.14 million tonnes with a yield of 2365 kg per hectare (Anonymous, 2022). Bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Ish. is found worldwide and particularly destructive in Asia. The disease was endemic in Bihar (Srivastava and Rao, 1963) and Tamil Nadu (Rajagopalan et al., 1969). Reduction in rice yield may be as high as 50 percent was also recorded, when the crop was severely infected (Mew et al., 1993). It became a destructive disease of rice in Punjab and appeared in Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Patiala and Sangur districts and caused about 30 percent yield loss (Chahal, 2005). The disease could be characterized mainly into two distinct phases; leaf blight phase, and the “Kresek phase” (acute wilting of young plants) which is the destructive one for the epidemic of disease (Reddy and Ou, 1976). Identification of less hazardous and effective measures, including biocontrol agent and chemical control measure is needed for the effective management of BLB disease. Therefore, suitable management option is the most important for for increasing production and productivity of rice and improves the food security.
Conclusion
Among the tested fungicides, antibiotics and antagonists viz., streptomycin sulphate 18.75 w/v + oxytetracycline 2 w/v (200ppm) + azoxystrobin 25 + tebuconazole 50 (75WG) at 0.03 percent was found significantly superior and most effective for the control of bacterial blight with the minimum disease intensity (26.28%) and maximum disease control (51.91%), which was statistically at par with streptomycin sulphate 18.75 w/v + oxytetracycline 2 w/v (200ppm) + azoxystrobin 18.2 + difenconazole 11.4 SCat 0.03 percent with disease intensity of 29.58 percent and also recorded the highest grain yield, straw yield and test weight.
