In-Vitro Evaluation of selected Fungicides on the Growth and Sporulation of Alternaria alternata causing Blight Disease of Broad Bean (Vicia faba L.)
Abstract
Broad bean (Vicia faba L.)is an important leguminous cold season crop cultivated widely indifferent parts of the world and in India. This crop is grown especially in U.P., Bihar, Punjab, Haryana and in the foothill ranges of Himalayan region including northeastern states. In Manipur, it is an important winter vegetable cum pulse crop. However, this crop suffers attack of various diseases of fungi, viruses and nematodes resulting insubstantial reduction in yield. Hence, an in-vitro evaluation of selected fungicides on the Growth and Sporulation of Alternaria alternata causing blight disease of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) was undertaken in the present investigation. A judicious application of Tricyclazole and Copper oxychloride at 1000ppm can effectively manages the blight disease of broad bean and prevent economic loss due to disease condition.
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Introduction
Broad bean (Vicia faba L.)is an important leguminous cold season crop cultivated widely indifferent parts of mild sub-tropical and temperate regions of the world. In India, this crop is grown especially in U.P., Bihar, Punjab, Haryana and in the foothill ranges of Himalayan region including northeastern states. In Manipur, it is an important winter vegetable cum pulse crop. The protein rich tender green pods were consumed as vegetable and seeds as dal and snacks. However, this important pulse or vegetable crop suffers attack of various diseases of fungi, viruses and nematodes resulting insubstantial reduction in yield. Important diseases of broad bean include leaf blight caused by Alternaria alternata, Rust caused by Uromyces fabae, Leaf spot caused by Phoma exigua, powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe polygoni, root knot diseases caused by Meloidogyne javanica, mosaic virus and little leaf virus diseases (Gupta, 1985). Among these diseases leaf blight caused by Alternaria alternata was found most serious in India and reported to cause losses upto 80% in sunflower (Agrawal, et al., 1979).
Conclusion
Our present finding was in agreement with Misra and Singh (1965) who reported that fungicides like Blitox, Captan, Mancozeb and Zineb have got effective inhibitory properties on different isolates of Alternaia alternata during the in vitro experiment. Similar report also found by Paul and Mishra (1993). Rao and Rajagopalan (1982) reported Thiram was found most effective against the growth of Alternaria helianthicola with 95.9% inhibition of mycelium growth and 89.7% of spore germination during the in vitro test whereas Giri and Peshney (1993) reported Carbendazim, Mancozeb, Fosetyl-A and Iprodione could inhibit spore germination and mycelial growth of Alternaria alternata causing leaf spot of mungbean. Similary, Singh (1994) who reported Dithane M-45 @ 0.2% could completely inhibit mycelial growth and sporulation of Alternaria Alternata causing stalk rot of sunflower.
The present investigation therefore, revealed a judicious application of Tricyclazole and Copper oxychloride at 1000ppm can effectively manages the blight disease of broad bean and prevent economic loss due to disease condition and also will prevent indiscriminate used of noneffective option of available fungicides against the target diseases.