Mass Production of Paecilomyces Lilacinus by using Different Cultivation Media as an Alternative of Incubator

In recent years, few environmental issues have aroused the concern of the public as much as pesticides, especially in relation to the health of children. In spite of the many published studies on the subject of pesticides and human health, there remains deep controversy surrounding these crops. They are in a dilemma to either sacrifice a significant share of their crops to pests or use highly toxic pesticides that can harm human health and the environment. Bio pesticides are key elements of incorporated insect management programs, and are receiving much practical attention as a means to reduce the fill of artificial chemicals being used. After twenty years it was found that the level of synthetic pesticides were building and were not biodegradable and their harmful effects started coming out. There is a need to create bio pesticides which are effective, eco-friendly and do not leave any harmful effect on the environment. 'Bio pesticides' are certain types of pesticides derived from such natural materials as animals, plants, bacteria, and certain minerals. Bio pesticides also play an important role in providing pest management tools in areas where pesticide resistance, niche markets and environmental concerns limit the use of chemical pesticide products. The most widely Known microbial pesticides are varieties of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, or BT, which can Control certain insects in cabbage, potato, and other crops.

Bio pesticides can be considered as dividing into three major classes: 1. Microbial pesticides can control many different kinds of pests, although each separate active ingredient is relatively specific for its target pest. For example, there are fungi that can control certain weeds, and other fungi that can kill specific insects. 2. Biochemical pesticides are naturally occurring substances that control pests by non-toxic mechanisms. Conventional pesticides, by contrast, are generally synthetic materials that directly kill or inactivate the pest. Biochemical pesticides include substances, such as insect sex pheromones, which interfere with mating, as well as various scented plant extracts that attract insect pests to traps. 3. Plant-Incorporated-Protectants are pesticidal substances that plants produce from genetic material that has been added to the plant. For example, scientists can take the gene for the B.T.pesticidal protein, and introduce the gene into the plant'sown genetic material. Then the plant, instead of the B.T.bacterium, manufactures the substance that destroys the pest. They impede the take up of water and nutrients and weaken the stand ability of affected plants. The nematode species involved are worldwide in their distribution and collectively cause billions of dollars of crop damage every year. The plant parasitic nematodes, the hidden enemies of farmers, cause an average annual loss of about 8. Plant nematodes are one of the most important and difficult pests to control in agriculture. Vegetative hyphae are branched and septate. P.lilacinus occurs naturally in soil, in egg clusters contained in the gelatinous egg mass of root-knot nematodes, and in cysts of Globodera spp. and Heterodera spp. In this respect Paecilomyces lilacinus, a facultative fungal parasite on eggs and females of root-knot nematodes, is a promising tool. Carrier used in the mass production system and application technology determines the successful use of bio agents against nematodes. It has been found in nematode eggs and occasionally from females of root knot and cyst nematodes. In addition, it has been frequently detected in the rhizosphere of many crops. It has a wide pH tolerance and can grow on a variety of substrates. P.lilacinus has shown promising results as a biocontrol agent to control the growth of destructive root knot nematodes.