New banana genotypes and cultivars more productive for southern Minas, Brazil
Abstract
Southern of Minas state, is a important producer of banana, especially the cultivars Prata -Anã, Nanicão and Maçã. These cultivars present low productivity, great plant height and are susceptible to major banana diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the vegetative and productive behavior of banana cultivars as Prata, Nanicão and Maçã, in Lavras, MG, Brazil to select those with the best features, of bunch and fruit size, lower production cycle and disease resistance in high land conditions. Were evaluated the following materials: type: ‘Prata’: ‘Prata -Anã’ (control), ‘BRS Maravilha’, ‘BRS Vitoria’, PA 94 -01; type ‘Nanicão’: ‘Grande Naine’ (control) and FHIA 17 and type ‘Maçã’: ‘Maçã’ (control) and YB 42 -03. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three replications and 16 plants per plot. Regarding the type ‘Prata -Anã’, ‘BRS Maravilha’ and PA 94 -01 are recommended by their greater productivity, plant height, production cycle, flavor and fruit appearance in relation to cv ‘Prata -Anã’ traditionally grown in region. PV 94 -01 and ‘Vitoria’, despite the greats plant height, are recommended due to the greater productivity. The YB 42 -03 genotype is an alternative to ‘Maçã’ because it is similar to productivity, size and production cycle .
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Introduction
There are more than 125 countries that are dedicated to the cultivation of bananas in the world. This fruit stands out in the first position of the world ranking around 106.5 million tons in 2011, according to Vieira (2015).
The banana is the second most consumed fruit in the world with 11.4 kg/hab/year, losing only to the orange with 12.2 kg/hab/year (FAO, 2014). The expansion of banana farming in most countries from 35 million tonnes in 1978 to 106.5 million tonnes in 2011 was made possible thanks to the intensive use of technologies (VIEIRA, 2015).
The productivity of banana growing in Minas Gerais increased from 14.103 t ha-1 in 2001 to 16.936 t ha-1 in 2012 (IBGE, 2013). This increase in productivity is mainly due to the adoption of new technologies such as fertirrigation, adequate crop management, and the introduction of new, more productive cultivars.
Several banana cultivars have been evaluated and recommended in all regions of Brazil. Among these, there are those of the type ‘Prata’: ‘Pioneira’, ‘Prata Graúda’, ‘BRS Pacovan Ken’, ‘BRS Maravilha’, ‘BRS Platina’, ‘BRS Conquista’, ‘BRS Vitória’; tipo ‘Maçã’: ‘Thap Maeo’, ‘Mysore’ e ‘Caipira’; type ‘Ouro’: ‘Prata Baby’ or ‘Nam’ and type ‘Nanicão’: ‘Grande Naine’ (SILVA; PEREIRA; RODRIGUES, 2008).
However, obtaining new, more productive banana cultivars is not enough to determine success in terms of adoption by producers. Besides the agronomic aspects, the new cultivars must present fruits with good market characteristics (Silva, et al., 2013). An improved cultivar should increase productivity, reduce production costs due to the decrease in the use of pesticides, thus increasing the income of the producer (Amorim et al., 2011).
The cultivar BRS Maravilha in dry conditions was more productive than Prata-Anã, its mother in the first two cycles in Jataí (GO) (SANTOS; CARNEIRO, 2012), in Goiânia (GO) (MENDONÇA et al., 2013), in Aquidauana (GO) (VIEIRA, 2011), in Botucatu (SP) (RAMOS et al., 2009) and in Lavras (MG) (PEREIRA et al., 2003).
Borges et al. (2011) report that the genotype FHIA 17 was highlighted in rainy conditions in production among the 14 genotypes evaluated in northern Paraná and that the cultivars BRS Maravilha, PV 94-01 and YB 42-03 presented similar behavior to the cultivars of the Same type Prata-Anã, Pacovan and Maçã, respectively.
According to the Capixaba Institute for Research, Technical Assistance and Rural Extension - INCAPER (2010); SILVA et al. (2008) and PEREIRA et al. (2005) the BRS Vitória cultivar was more productive than Prata and Pacovan in the states of Espírito Santo, Bahia and Amazonas, respectively. In irrigated conditions the ‘BRS Maravilha’ presented superior yield twice as much as the cultivar Prata-Anã in the Jaíba projects (MG) (RODRIGUES et al., 2006) and Gorutuba (MG) (SOUTO et al., 2001).
The influence of the environment, mainly temperature, on the banana production cycle, can be observed in experiments conducted in Lavras (MG), Maria da Fé (MG) and Jaíba (MG). In Lavras, with average annual minimum temperatures of 15.4ºC and altitude of 900 m, the ‘Prata-Anã’ cycle was 510 days (PEREIRA et al., 2002). In Maria da Fé, with an average annual minimum temperature of 10.7ºC and altitude of 1270 m, the production cycle of Prata-Anã was 620 days (PEREIRA et al., 2002). On the other hand, in Jaíba with a minimum annual average temperature of 18.5ºC and altitude of 500 m, the production cycle of this cultivar was 320 days (RODRIGUES; SOUTO; SILVA, 2006).
This work was conducted with the objective of evaluating new cultivars and genotypes of bananas of the types Prata, Nanicão and Maçã in the southern region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, regarding the increase of productivity and fruit quality.
Conclusion
The cultivars BRS Maravilha and PA 94 -01 are recommended because they present greater productivity and similarity in the size, production cycle, flavor and appearance of the fruit in relation to Prata -Anã, traditionally cultivated in the region. The genotype PV 94 -01 and the cultivar Vitória, despite the greater size, can be recommended because it presents good productivity. The genotype YB 42 -03 is an alternative in relation to ‘Maçã’, being similar in productivity, size and production cycle.