Physiological and Yield Contributing Characters Depicting A High Yield Potential Triticale Line (x Triticosecale Wittm.)

Authors: Mohammad Nur Alam; Md. Abdul Hakim; Md. Zaherul Islam; Md. Abdullah Al Mamun; Md. Siddikun Nabi Mandal; Md. Monwar Hossain; Md. Forhad Amin; Rabiul Islam
DOI
10.5281/zenodo.10054252
DIN
IJOEAR-OCT-2023-1
Abstract

Triticale is used as a dual-purposes. In Bangladesh, dairy and poultry farms are being extended faster day by day. Therefore, the demand of fodder and feed increases swiftly. Moreover, triticale tolerates biotic and abiotic stressors better than wheat and durum. The trials were conducted in two consecutive years to search out a high yielding triticale line whereas two varieties were used as check viz. BARI Triticale 1 (E1) and BARI Triticale 2 (E2) and four lines (expressed as E3, E4, E5, and E6). In the research areas, temperature, rainfall and relative humidity were higher in 2018-19 than in 2019-20, but rainfall was lower. As a result, days to heading (DH), days to maturity (DM), fertile spikes per meter square (FSPMS), and grain yield (GY) were more in 2019-20 than in 2018-19. In 2018-19, thousand grain weight (TGW) correlated negatively with DH, DM, and FSPMS. In 2019-20, a positive association was established between FSPMS and GY. Furthermore, E5 and E6 lines had lower plant height (PH), but higher FSPMS and TGW than the control in both seasons. In addition, E5 and E6 yielded more GY than check and other lines. These findings suggested that E5 and E6 lines may be released as high yielding triticale variety (ies) to boost triticale production in Bangladesh.

Keywords
Days to maturity fertile spike grain yield thousand grain weight triticale.
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Introduction

Triticale demand is increasing globally as a dual-purpose uses like food, fodder and main composition of cattle and poultry feeds [1]. It is also a well-known economic crop [2]. Triticale is a superior ruminant feed than other cereals because of its high starch digestibility, and it is used to make forage, hay, and silage, among other things [2, 3]. Triticale has 71.2% digestible organic matter in dry matter, but lathyrus, blackgram, and cowpea have lesser digestibility, with 66.6%, 66.0%, and 73.8%, respectively [2]. Triticale can be used to make bread mixing with wheat and maize flour, and various food products, such as whole berries, flakes, cakes, biscuits, pasta, and morning cereals. It is the best animal feed consisted of superior amino acid balance (more lysine and protein) [4]. It contains more protein (15.9%) than wheat (11.8%), maize (11.1%), and barley (12.1%), despite having a lower gluten in proportion [2, 3]. 

The current global production of triticale is around 17 million tons, with Europe producing 90% [1, 5]. The United States and the rest of the Americas contributed 2.1% of overall production, while Asia produced 7.4% (FAO 2020) [5]. Furthermore, food production should be boosted by 50% over the current level, as the world’s population is predicted to rise from 600 million to 1100 million by 2050 [6].

Triticale (x Triticosecale Wittm.) is a hybrid developed by crossing between durum wheat (Triticum durum) and rye (Secale cereale). It was initially bred by Stephen Wilson in 1873 [7]. The first triticale varieties were octoploids (AABBCCDD), but only hexaploid types (AABBCC) have great yield potential and are widely planted globally [8]. As a result, triticale inherited the traits of wheat (high yield potential and high quality yield) and rye (biotic and abiotic stress tolerance) [9, 10]. 

Triticale is grown in Bangladesh throughout the winter months (November to March) [11]. In 2009, the Wheat Research Centre (WRC) of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) released two triticale varieties, viz. BARI Triticale 1 and BARI Triticale 2 (N.B.: In 2017, WRC-BARI was renamed Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute). Each variety produced between 4300 and 4600 kg ha-1 of grain yield and 10 to 12 t ha-1 of forage with a single cutting [12]. In Bangladesh, triticale grain can be utilized as a substitute to wheat and maize, particularly for animal feed and in the flour sector. Some high yielding triticale lines were created by CIMMYT, and their yield at optimal sowing time exceeded 10 t ha-1 [13]. Different research institutes have published spring and winter triticale types, which are outlined in Table 1 along with their primary characteristics.

Conclusion

Long span of DH and DM, and more number of FSPMS obtained in comparatively lower temperature were observed in the 2019-20 than the 2018-19. GY was exhibited more in the 2019-20 than the 2018-19, evidencing TGW exhibited negatively correlated with DH, DM and FSPMS same season (2018-19). Positive correlation observed between FSPMS and GY was also other evidence of higher yield in the 2019-20. Moreover, comparatively lower PH, but more FSPMS and TGW were exhibited by E5 and E6 than check varieties both seasons. Moreover, the relatively more grain yield was also depicted by E5 and E6 than check varieties. The summarized results provoked that the lines E5 and E6 may be released as high yielding variety (ies) to increase triticale yield production in Bangladesh. 

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