Phytochemical Screening and Gc-Ms Analysis of Garudan Samba Traditional Rice Variety
Abstract
The Garudan Samba, an important Traditional variety of Tamil Nadu was investigated f or its phytochemical screening and GCMS study. The brown rice was extracted using ethanol. The results obtained after GCMS studies were confirmed by spectral analysis. The analysis of the ethanol extract showed the presence of n -Hexadecanoic acid, 9,1 2- Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) -, and Oleic acid, as major constituents of the total compounds (76.33%), which have the capacity to prevent many health related disorders. It also contained the medicinally important compounds like Caryophyllene, Ethyl Oleate, Squalene, γ -Tocopherol, Lup -20(29) -en-3-ol, acetate, (3β) -, and phytosterols like Campesterol, Stigmasterol and β -Sitosterol. Hence, Garudan samba may be considered as one of the important Traditional variety with high level of medicinally important phyto constituents.
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Introduction
Traditional medicinal plants are often cheaper, locally available and easily consumable, possessing medicinal properties. Nowadays, traditional medicinal practices form an integral part of complementary or alternative medicine. Although their efficacy and mechanisms of action have not been tested scientifically in most cases, these simple medicinal preparations often mediate beneficial responses due to their active chemical constituents (Park and Pezzutto, 2002).
Rice is a major staple food for half of the world's population, providing 80 % of daily calorie intake (Khush, 2005). Carbohydrates, proteins, fatty acids and micronutrients (vitamins and trace minerals) are the major nutrient components in rice. Traditional rice in India are reported to harbor vast amount of medicinal properties and aroma (Das and Oudhia, 2003). These traditional varieties are potent sources for various agronomic traits as well as sources of many bioactive non nutrient components (Crozier et al., 2009).
Traditional colored rice varieties are known to be rich in dietary fibre, resistant starch, minerals, carotenoids, flavanoids and polyphenols and consumption of grains of these pigmented rice varieties help in improving human health (Hanhineva et al., 2010). The bioactive phytochemicals and micronutrient components from these traditional rice varieties are used as dietary supplements and expected to play a major role in attenuating the incidence of non -communicable diseases viz., cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and stroke (Vichapong et al., 2010).
Garudan samba is a traditional rice variety, white in colour and grown in southern part of Tamil Nadu. The grain has the appearance like the neck of the Brahmin kite ( Garudan ), with a white patch. It is also called “ Kaadai Kazhuththaan ”. It is suitable for making a specialty dish called „Puttu ‟ of South India. In the present study, the ethanol extract of Garudan Samba was evaluated for GCMS analysis.
