Production of barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens) seedlings of increasing doses of domestic sewage effluent
Abstract
The barbatimão is a traditional plant species of Brazilian cerrado. Barbatimão bark is widely used in the production of medicines and cosmetics. Because it is an extractive exploitation plant, the activity can be considered aggressive for plants that after having their shells removed may die. Another point to consider is the lack of a fertilization protocol. Aiming to improve the nutrition of barbatimão seedlings through the use of effluent of domestic exhaustion. This work had as objective to study the production of barbatimão seedlings in function of crescents doses of domestic exhaustion. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with 5 treatments and 10 replications. The seedlings were grown in plastic bags of 7.5 liters filled with substrates based on pinus bark. The biometric evaluations were initiated 30 days after transplanting when the plants were already established in the new container and consisted of: height of the plants (measured by means of millimeter ruler) being considered with initial point of the region of the collection until the apex of the seedling; diameter of the stem (measured by means of digital caliper) and number of leaves counted from the base to the apex of the plant, being considered as leaf the petiole of the composite leaf inserted in the branches of the plant. In general, it was concluded that barbatimão seedlings were negatively influenced by the addition of domestic effluent from household wastewater. However, studies with lower dosages than those tested in this study are suggested.
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Introduction
The Stryphnodendron adstringens, popularly known as Barbatimão, bark of virginity, tiller beard, among other synonyms, is a species of the Brazilian Cerrado and transition zones with other biomes, occurring between the states of Bahia, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do South, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Tocantins and Distrito Federal (ALMEIDA et al., 1998; LORENZI, 2002).
The barbatimão has high pharmaceutical demand due to the high production of tannin that concentrates in a higher content mainly in the bark of the plant with about 25 to 30% of tannin in aqueous extract (PANIZZA et al., 1988). The high demand for secondary metabolites such as tannin present in this species makes it subject to disorderly extractivism (BORGES FILHO et al., 2003). This in many Brazilian states does not have a management plan that regulates the part of the plant to be collected, time of year to collect the plant and quantities of plants to be collected per year area. In this way, alternatives for the cultivation of Barbatimão are necessary and of great importance.
Besides the great importance of Barbatimão in the pharmaceutical area, it is also indicated for the recovery of degraded areas and can be used for the extraction of wood, which is heavy, hard and resistant to the action of climatic inclement weather (LORENZI, 1992).
Another factor that hampers the production of barbatimão for its intensive commercial exploitation is the lack of seedlings for planting. Since the species propagates in a seminiferous way in nature, subject to edafoclimatic intempéries. The plant'snutrition is still unknown, a fact that would facilitate the use of fertilizers for its production, which also increases the process of seedling production.
The search for more sustainable agricultural practices has brought the tendency of reuse of effluents and biosolids from domestic exhaustion. This fact from the agronomic point of view is very beneficial for the agricultural crops, to promote greater organic matter input, slow and continuous release of nutrients, improvement of soil microbiological conditions, etc. The reuse of water in irrigation in Brazil is no longer an alternative and is becoming a necessity, due to the low rainfall levels observed in recent years and also that this type of effluent has been affecting the environment through the pollution of rivers (Queiroz et al. .
However, ANVISA regulates maximum levels for concentration of heavy metals in food, which can become contaminated with this form of fertilization. As barbatimão is not ingested by most humans in products that use its by-products, this concern is diminished.
Considering the above, it is hypothesized that the use of domestic effluent can significantly improve the growth of barbatimão seedlings, accelerating its growth in comparison to plants not fertilized with this effluent. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the growth of barbatimão seedlings as a function of increasing doses of domestic sewage effluent.
Conclusion
In general, it was concluded that barbatimão seedlings were negatively influenced by the addition of domestic effluent from household wastewater. However, studies with lower dosages than those tested in this study are suggested. V. AUTHORS RECOMMENDATION O barbatimão é uma especie vegetal tradicional do cerrado brasileiro. A casca do barbatimão é muito utilizada na produção demedicamentose cosméticos. Por ser uma planta de exploração extrativista, a atividade pode ser considerada agresssiva para as plantas que apos terem suas cascas tiradas podem morrer.Outro ponto a ser considerado é a falta de umprotocol de adubação. Visando melhorar a nutrição demudas de barbatimão empor meio do uso deeffluent deesgotamento domestico.Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a produção demudas de barbatimão em função dedoses crescents deesgotamento domestic. O experiment foi conduzido emdelinemanto deblocos aoacaso com 5 tratmentose 10 repetiçoes . As mudas foram cultivadas emsacos plasticos de 7,5 litros preenchidos com substrates abase decasca depinus. The biometric evaluations were initiated 30 days after transplanting when the plants were already established in the new container and consisted of: height of the plants (measured by means of millimeter ruler) being considered with initial point the region of the collection until the apex of the seedling; diameter of the stem (measured by means of digital caliper) and number of leaves counted from the base to the apex of the plant, being considered as leaf the petiole of the composite leaf inserted in the branches of the plant. In general, it was concluded that barbatimão seedlings were negatively influenced by the addition of domestic effluent from household wastewater. However, studies with lower dosages than those tested in this study are suggested.