Productive behavior of cultivars and banana genotype originating from 'Prata Ana', Irrigated and non irrigated in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the vegetative and productive behavior of banana cultivars Prata Catarina and PrataGorutuba, from clonal selection in cultivars of Prata-Anã and BRS Maravilha and PA 94-01, obtained through crosses of the genotype SH 31-42 with Prat-Anã and Prata Catarina, respectively. The experiment was conducted in Bambuí under drip irrigation and in Iaci, without irrigation. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used for each cultivar and plots with ten plants, spacing 3.0 x 2.8 m (1190 plants / hectare). The vegetative behavior was evaluated through the plant height (m) at the time of the bunch issue and the production cycle, that is, the period between planting and harvesting of the mother, daughter and granddaughter plants. The productive behavior was evaluated by bunch weight (kg) and fruit (g) and number of fruits per bunch and yield (kg / ha / year). The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means compared by the Tuckey Test at 5% probability. The 'BRS Maravilha' showed the highest height of the plant, both in Bambuí and in Ijaci. The other cultivars did not differ in height. PA 94-01 was earlier in both locations, with a production cycle about one month less than the other cultivars. The cultivar BRS Maravilha and PA 94-01 surpassed the others by weight of the bunch and the fruits, number of fruits per bunch and yield in the two localities, and in Bambuí was significantly higher than in Ijaci, thus showing the expressive effect of irrigation. The PA 94-01, due to its good productivity, fruit size, appearance, taste and precocity can become abetter option for the producers compared to the other cultivars.
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Introduction
Banana is the most produced fruit in the world, with an average of 106.5 million tons. Among the most consumed fruits in nature marketed in the world, the banana presents greater financial movement, followed by grape, apple and orange. (FOCORURAL, 2018). Throughout the world, more than 125 countries are engaged in banana cultivation. In some, the activity stands out as one of the main sources of employment and income (VIEIRA, 2015; REINHARDT, 2016). In Brazil, climatic conditions allow bananas to be grown in all states throughout the year, taking into account domestic demand. The Brazilian banana production was 6.76 million tons, with the main producers São Paulo, with 1.079 million tons; Bahia, with 1,084 million tons; Minas Gerais, with 773 thousand tons; Pará, with 504 thousand tons, and the other states with 2,590 million tons, (Andrade et al., 2017).
In the Brazilian banana market the most common cultivars are 'Prata' (subgroup Silver), 'Nanica' (Cavendish subgroup), 'Apple', 'Terra', 'Gold' and 'Marmelo'. In terms of cultivated area in Minas Gerais, the Silver type occupies 80.0%, nanica 15.0% and Apple 5.0% (MINAS ..., 2017).
Among the cultivars of the Prata type, the cultivar 'Prata-Anã' is more cultivated in the state of Minas Gerais. However, due to their susceptibility to Panama's Evil and the black and yellow Sigatoka, new cultivars have been obtained through genetic improvement and recommended to growers. Thus, cultivars PrataGorutuba and Prata Catarina, obtained through clonal selection in 'Prata-Anã' plantations and the 'BRS Maravilha' obtained through across between 'Prata-Anã' and SH 3142 have been recommended for superior agronomic characteristics her mother. Among these characteristics, the highest tolerance to these diseases, in addition to greater productivity and similarity of fruits in flavor, appearance and size with those of 'Prata-Anã' (SILVA et al., 2008), stand out.
The 'BRS Maravilha' was introduced from Honduras and recommended by Embrapa (Brazilian Agricultural Research Company) and PA 94-01 genotype obtained by EmbrapaMandioca and Tropical Fruit through the cross between 'PrataAnã', 'Prata Catarina' and SH These two cultivars present productivity far superior to their genitor, as well as greater tolerance to diseases and edafoclimatic adaptation (DONATO et al., 2009). (SANTOS and CARNEIRO, 2012), in Goiânia-Goiás (MENDONÇA et al., 2013), in Aquidauana-Mato Grosso (VIEIRA, 2011), in Botucatu-SP (RAMOS et al., 2009) and in Lavras-MG (Pereira et al., 2003). In irrigated conditions 'BRS Maravilha' was more productive than 'Prata-Anã' in the Jaíba Projects (RODRIGUES et al., 2006) and Gorutuba (SOUTO et al., 2001).
Among the cultivars of the Prata-Anã variety of Prata, evaluated in Lavras-MG, genotype PA 94-01 was the one that produced larger bunches in weight and number of fruits, being similar in aspect, size and flavor of the his father 'Silver-Anã' (PEREIRA et al, 2016).
The cultivar Prata Catarina was similar in size, production cycle, fruit characteristics and produced bunches about 23.0% higher than 'Prata-Anã' in eleven localities of the State of Santa Catarina (EPAGRI, 2016).
Regarding the cultivar PrataGorutuba, there is no report of research results on its productive and vegetative behavior. However, there are already large areas cultivated with this cultivar, mainly in the northern region of Minas Gerais. In this region it has presented greater production and tolerance to the Mal-do-Panama (RODRIGUES, 2014)
The objective of this work was to evaluate the productive and vegetative behavior of banana cultivars originating from the cultivar Prata-Anã under irrigated and dry conditions.
Conclusion
Irrigation provided an increase of about 60% in the production of all cultivars and the genotype; The genotype PA 94-01 produces fruits similar in size, appearance and flavor to the cultivars Prata Catarina, PrataGorutuba and Prata-Anã; The cultivar BRS Maravilha and genotype PA 94-01, originated from the hybridization improvement, are more productive than those of the clonal selection of the cultivars Prata Catarina, PrataGorutuba and Prata-Anã.
