Productivity and Quality of Hybrid Canola Oil and Seeding Time
Abstract
Biofuels are the main alternative for changing the world's energy matrix, which is now centralized in fossil fuels. The characterization of alternative sources of biomass, mainly regionally, shapes database for decision making. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was carried out with three canola cultivars (Hyola 43, 61 and 571), seeded in four times (April 4th, April 16th, May 2nd and May 14th).As biomass characterization, grain yield, oil content and yield, specific mass, oxidative stability, acidity and lipid profile were determined. There was significant difference for the hybrids in the variables oil content, induction time and in the stearic, linoleic and linolenic contents. The highlight was the hybrid Hyola 43. There was significant difference for the periods in the grain yield, oil con tent, oil yield, and induction time and in the palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic contents. Considering values of dependent, quantitative and qualitative variables, the best seeding season of canola would be between the second fortnight of April and the first week of May.
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Introduction
Directly or indirectly biomass is the basis for alternative energies. The biomass is responsible for 14% of world energy used [1].
For the production of biodiesel, biomass (raw material) is the most important and costly part of the process. In Germany, the main producer and consumer of biodiesel in the world, and in the European Union, canola accounts for 80% and 60%, respectively, of the cultivation of oilseeds for this purpose[2].The planted area with canola in Brazil in 2015 was 53,610 ha, an expansion of 8% in relation to the previous harvest [3].
Oil crops for the production of biofuels must offer good oil yield and physicochemical characteristics consistent with use and current standards [2]. The determination of the fatty acid profile is one of the main characterizations of an oilseed. The main fatty acid found in canola oil is the oleic acid, also known as Omega-9[4].
An issue in biofuels, oxidative stability is closely related to the structure of fatty acid chains, being more susceptible those with a higher proportion of unsaturated lipids[5].Canola oil has a high percentage of unsaturated fats, close to 93% [6].
The natural decomposition of triglycerides can be accelerated by light and heating, and rancidity is almost always followed by the formation of free fatty acids. High levels of acidity reflect in negative effects on oils, which may make them inappropriate for food or even for fuel purposes.
The mentioned charact eristics may vary according to genetics and the environment agricultural management and environmental, such as water availability and frost, are control variables in the qualitative and quantitative yield of canola [7, 8].
Conclusion
There was a significant difference for the hybrids in the variables oil content, induction time and in the stearic, linoleic and linolenic contents. Highlighting Hyola 43.
There was a significant difference for the periods in the grain yield, oil content, oil yield, and induction time and in the palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic contents. The most interesting seeding season would be between April 16th and May 2nd.