Regional Disparity Level at West Papua Province
Abstract
A region possesses different potentials, conditions, and characteristics. Those aspects generate disparities between regions. Several factors that causing regional disparities related to physical and economic variables. Based on Gross Domestic Regional Product (PDRB) of West Papua Province 2012-2016, there were several sectors that significantly raised, i.e. mining and excavation, processing industry, and construction. Sorong City and Manokwari District had a domination role to the surrounding areas, and it affected into the imbalance growth speed of each areas, which in turn, it triggered the regional disparities. Manokwari is a capital of West Papua Province and a central of governmental activities, so the district got a fairly complete facilities, such as health, education, transportation, etc. The same condition was also applied to Sorong City. Therefore, the research objectives was to identify the regional disparity level reviewed from the population,, facilities and infrastructures, and regional economic based on Gini Index and Williamson Index. The results showed that the regional disparities on the scale of a province were medium level. On District scale, the results showed Pegunungan Arfak District was included in high level of disparity. Whereas the low level of disparity was concluded on Fakfak District, Kaimana District, Teluk Wondama District, Teluk Bintuni District, Manokwari Selatan District, Sorong District, and Raja Ampat District.
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Introduction
West Papua Province is consisting of twelve districts. Based on Gross Domestic Regional Product (PDRB) of West Papua Province 2012-2016, there were several sectors that significantly developed, i.e. mining and excavation, processing industry, and construction. Those sectors were closely related to the effort of West Papua Province to develop the infrastructure on land, air, and sea at the last five years. The increased accessibility of areas has the role to stimulate the development level of an area. Level of social services could be reviewed from education sector; the distributions of colleges were concentrated a t Sorong City, Manokwari District, Fakfak District, and Teluk Bintuni District. The comprehensiveness of educational facilities was linier with the development of human resources. Facilities and infrastructures aspects that made Sorong City and Manokwari District had a domination role to the surrounding areas, and it affected into the imbalance growth speed of each areas, which in turn, it triggered the regional disparities. The research objectives was to identify the regional disparity level reviewed from the population, , facilities and infrastructures, and regional economic based on Gini Index and Williamson Index.
Conclusion
The reseach’s conclusion were described as below:
a. The disparity level of West Papua in 2012-2016 was decreased. It showed that West Papua was putting an effort to make a construction's equity in every regions. The results showed that the regional disparities on the scale of a province was medium level.
b. On District scale, the results showed Pegunungan Arfak District was included in high level of disparity. Whereas the low level of disparity was concluded on Fakfak District, Kaimana District, Teluk Wondama District, Teluk Bintuni District, Manokwari Selatan District, Sorong District, and Raja Ampat District.
c. As per sectors, the disparity level of West Papua were concluded, i.e.:
- On 2012-2016, the disparity level of outcome per capita in West Papua was low. It means that the distribution of the outcome per capita was equal.
- The disparity level of population's distribution decreased, it means that the population's distribution of West Papua started to be equal.
- The disparity level of educational and health facilities was low. It means that the distribution level of educational and health facilities was equal. Whereas, the disparity level of religious facilities is medium. It means that the level of distribution of religious facilities was not equal yet.
- On 2012-2016, the disparity level of electricity infrastructure was medium. It means that the distribution's level of electricity infrastructure was equal but did not increase. Whereas, the disparity level of water supply service and accesibility decreased from the high level to medium level. It means that the distribution of water supply service and accesibility was equal and increased.