Technological Advancement in Digital Farming and India’s Present Scenario: A Review
Abstract
Technological advancements in agriculture practices for improving the crop overall life cycle is essential requirement for countries like India. In order to compete day today increasing food demand for growing population and also to strengthen the economy, advancement in agriculture practices has become immensely necessary. In India, same practice use differently because of its highly variable climatic and geographical condition. Agriculture practices in India faces many problems like, small land holding, climate change, agroclimatic variation indifferent states, uneven rainfall, conventional (old) practices, traditional knowledge and political and economic tantrum unavailability of storage and transport facilities, inspite of this economic losses also occur due to the lack of indispensable information to the farmer. To overcome these obligatory problems we have to acknowledge technological advancements and digitalization in agricultural practices. Some of the furtherance like Sensing, Geoinformatics, mobile applications and data analytics which will provide us the useful information about moisture percentage, soil health, fertilizer doses requirements, disease and pest management and exact prediction of the crop nutrient demand and also helpful in making appropriate schedule and storage arrangements to decrease the post harvest losses. We can also make marketing strategies according to the data we get and can convert old farming practice into high profitable enterprise. To make this review paper possible we went through vast literature, data, websites, journals, magazines and research papers directly or indirectly related to the agriculture advancement and digital progression.
With the help of available information we tried give our reader an brief and Hi-tech understanding of Digital Technologies like Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, Big Data Analytics, sensors, companies, Satellite Imagery and Remote Sensing, Machine Learning, Robotics Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (Drones) and their mobile Applications like mKisan, Meghdoot, Damini etc.
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Introduction
Number of research based documents, websites, journals and papers were explored to get an in depth understanding of the concerned heading. Genetic diversity and architecture for climatic adaptation indifferent crop like cole group of vegetables, roots crop, bulb vegetables. Vegetables are a key factor in their availability indifferent season spite of photo thermo sensitive in nature. Area under protected cultivation across the world has increased many folds in the last one decades and presently estimated more than 5.0 million hectare. Several innovative technologies have been developed overtime indifferent areas viz.; greenhouse structure and environment control energy saving, precision input control technology, fertigation, Abiotic management, mechanization and use of nutrient management sensors, robotics, processing management, harvesting, marketing and farming plus advance storage. In contrast to conventional agricultural technique, using digital Data can escalate resource and Cost efficient, decrease negative environmental impact, modern data technique to be adapted to a specific field, integration of smart Agricultural technologies and to ensure an production process. The application of IT support in farming to make informed decision based on solid data. 1.1 Why we need advancement?
The average farm area in US is 179.20 Ha, in Australia, it is 433.121 Ha and in Europe, 161.22 Ha while that in India, it is 1.0823 Hectares. Farmers average income in India is estimated at Rupees 77, 97625. 70% of farm time is just managing and monitoring. “Smart Agriculture” need arises due to this demand where management is main concern not the actual field work. As privatization is bringing in, Given the volume of agricultural products consumed in India, Indian agriculture will progress toward digitization. Contract farming operations are inline with the evolving food needs of modern consumers, and as a result of interconnected agriculture value chains, not only are farmers but also all other players in the value chain, such as input suppliers, traders, consumers, and processors, are given digital empowerment.
Conclusion
In a nation of 1.4 billion people, each with own language, religion, and way of life. Half of the population works in agriculture, thus there is opportunity for improvement and a need for expansion.
Digital platforms with regional language interfaces, low input and high output investments, easy communication routes, on spot solution based software could be driving factors and with a positive acceleration can become reason for the Indian farm sector'sdigitalization.
Digitalization in present world is in great demand as it makes farming more precise and high profit orient business which is very essential for a country like India with huge population.
From Drone technology, Remote sensing, Mobile phone applications, Internet of Things, Mechanized processing post harvest units and Artificial intelligence are some examples manifesting the advancement recently emerged, Enhancing the ordinary regular, day today farming practices into accomplishing enterprise.
As one of the member of the developing country India needs to make obligatory changes in agriculture policies making it more open to international market and easily reachable for local young entrepreneur and foreign multinational to make pertinent investment in Indian markets. Therefore, we can say in clear words that while completing the journey from agriculture 1.0 to 5.0, mechanization, digitalization, use of various agriculture portals, Industrialization are fully adopted in farming activities. As a result advancement in farming income will eventually double, employment to educated youth increase, it will be helpful in increasing the GDP of India to a greater extent. It will not be too late for India to become a Golden Bird again.