The Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhyza Inoculation and SP 36 Fertilizer on the Growth of Palm Oil (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Seedling DxP PPKS 540 Variety Grown in Pre Nursery Phase
Abstract
The aims of the study were to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and SP-36 fertilizer and their interaction on the growth and yield of oil palm seedlings of the DxP PPKS 540 variety and to obtain the appropriate dose of mycorrhizal biofertilizer and SP-36 fertilizer for the growth of oil palm seedlings at the pre-nursery stage.The research was carried out from April 2020 to August 2020.The place of research was held on Jl. Rapak Indah, Karang Asam Ilir urban Village, Sungai Kunjang sub District, Samarinda City, East Kalimantan Province.The materials used in this study were DxP PPKS 540, Fungi Mycorrhizal, SP 36 Fertilizer, Dithane M-45, polybag size 22x14 cm and paranet.The tools used in this study were arco carts, soil pH measuring instruments, hoes, soil loosening tools, writing instruments, analytics, and gembor.The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) in a 5x4 factorial experiment, with two treatment factors and repeated 4 times.Mycorrhizal dose factor (M) which consists of 5 levels, namely: no mycorrhizal application or control (m ); 0 2.5 gpolybag-1 (m ); 5.0 gpolybag-1 (m ); 7.5 gpolybag-1 (m ) and 10.0 gpolybag-1 (m ) Dosage factor SP 36 (P ) 1 2 3 4 consisting of 4 levels, namely: no SP 36 fertilizer application of control (p ); 1.0 gpolybag-1 (p ); 1.5 gpolybag-1 (p ); and 0 1 2 2.0 gpolybag-1 (p ).Research activities, namely: preparation of planting media, treatment of microzia, preparation of 3 sprouts, planting of seedling, treatment of SP-36 fertilizer, maintenance of seedlings (watering, weeding, and loosening of planting media), and data collection.Data collection is analysis of soil chemical properties in the laboratory, seedling height, stem diameter, number of leaves at aged 1, 2, 3 months after planting and root length at 4 months after planting.Data analysis was carried out by analysis of variance, if the results of variance were significantly different (F-count > F-table 5%) or very significantly different (F-count > F-table 1%), then a further test was carried outwith the Least Significant Difference test at 5% level.The results showed that (1) Arbuscular mycorrhizal application had no significant effect on the growth in height, stem diameter, number of seedling leaves at the age of 1, 2, and 3 months after planting, and root length of seedlings at 4 months after planting;(2) application of SP-36 fertilizer had a significant to very significant effect on the height growth at 1, 2, and 3 months after planting, seedling diameter at 1 month after planting, number of leaves at 1 and 3 months after planting, and root length. seedlings at the age of 4 months after planting.Application of SP-36 fertilizer at a dose of 1.5 – 2.0 gplant-1 tends to inhibit the growth of oil palm seedlings in the pre-nursery phase;and (3) there was no interaction between mycorrhizal treatment and SP-36 fertilizer treatment on the growth of oil palm seedlings in the pre-nursery phase.
Keywords
Download Options
Introduction
Palm oil is a strategic commodity that is very important as a source of foreign exchange, a source of community livelihood and a profitable commodity for businessmen and smallholders. Palm oil is avery sensitive commodity, palm oil is the most efficient oil-producing crop today. Palm oil production can reach 4 tons ha-1 year-1, much larger than soybean oil which only produces 0.6 tons ha-1 year-1 [1].
The success of CPO production is largely determined by the use of certified superior seedlings, as well as the quality (type of seedling and growth rate) and quantity of oil palm seedling.Seedling quality also determines whether oil palm plants can be harvested starting at the age of 30 months in the field.It is influenced, among others by: (1) varieties and sources of seedling or genetic potential; (2) the process of nursery or technical culture in planting and maintaining seedlings; (3) seed selection; and (4) seedling age at the time of planting in the field [2]
Nurseries are a crucial first step for the success of oil palm plantations.Nurseries aim to provide good and healthy seeds insufficient quantities.In oil palm cultivation, there are two nursery systems, namely single-stage nurseries and two-stage nurseries.What is meant by "double stage" nursery is that the seedlings are carried out in small polybags or in the pre-nursery stage until the seedlings are 3 months old.After the seedlings are 3 months old, the seedlings are transferred to large polybags or the main nursery stage until the seedlings are ready to be planted in the field when they are 12 months old [3]. Success in pre-nursery is strongly influenced by fertile soil conditions and maintenance. Efforts to improve the level of soil fertility is the provision of fertilizers.There are two types of fertilizers that are currently widely used, namely inorganic fertilizers (chemical) and organic fertilizers.Chemical fertilizers can increase soil productivity in avery short time but cause damage to soil structure [4].Organic fertilizers have the advantage of releasing nutrients slowly so that they have a residual effect in the soil and are beneficial for plants [5].One of the organic fertilizers is biological fertilizer.Biological fertilizers, in this case mycorrhizae, are fungi that live in symbiosis with plant roots.Some of the benefits of mycorrhizae are: increasing the absorption of N, P, K, Ca some micro nutrients; increase plant resistance to drought, control root pathogen infection, produce growth-stimulating compounds, stimulate the activity of several beneficial organisms (Rhizobium, Frankia and phosphorus-fixing bacteria); improve soil structure and aggregation; and helps the mineral cycle [6].Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are a form of mutualism symbiosis that occurs between plant roots and fungi.Currently, it is known that almost 80% of plants are symbiotic with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi [7].
In addition to the use of mycorrhizae, to stimulate seedling growth, SP-36 fertilizer can also be applied.This fertilizer contains high levels of phosphorus (P) and dissolves faster than DSP and TSP fertilizers.
Conclusion
Based on the results of research and discussion, conclusions can be drawn, as follows:
1. Provision of arbuscular mycorrhizae had no significant effect on growth height, stem diameter, number of leaves of seedlings at 1, 2, and 3 months after planting, and root length of seedlings at 1 month after planting.
2. Application of SP-36 fertilizer had a significant to very significant effect on height growth at 1, 2, and 3 months after planting, seedling diameter at 1 month after planting, number of leaves at 1 and 3 months after planting, and root length of seedlings. at 4 months after planting. The application of SP-36 fertilizer at a dose of 1.5 – 2.0 gplant-1 tends to inhibit the growth of oil palm seedlings in the pre-nursery phase.
3. There is no interaction between mycorrhizal treatment and SP-36 fertilizer treatment on the growth of oil palm seedlings in the pre-nursery phase.