The Effect of Giving Dragon Fruit Peel and Papaya Seed Extracts through Drinking Water on the Percentage Commercial Carcass of Native Chicken
Abstract
The prohibition on the use of Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGP) has encouraged farmers to seek alternative feed additives, such as dragon fruit peel and papaya seeds. Dragon fruit peel contains various antioxidants, including vitamin C, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, and saponins. Papaya seeds contain phytochemical compounds such as saponins, tannins, and flavonoids, which have potential antibacterial properties. This study aimed to determine the effect of administering aqueous extracts of dragon fruit peel, papaya seeds, and their combination through drinking water on the commercial carcass cuts of native chickens. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and five replications, where each replication consisted of three native chickens. The treatments applied were drinking water without dragon fruit peel and papaya seed aqueous extract (P0), drinking water with 4% dragon fruit peel aqueous extract (P1), drinking water with 4% papaya seed aqueous extract (P2), and drinking water with 2% dragon fruit peel aqueous extract combined with 2% papaya seed aqueous extract (P3). The observed variables included carcass weight and commercial carcass cuts. The results showed that the administration of dragon fruit peel and papaya seed aqueous extracts in drinking water did not have a significant effect (P > 0.05) on carcass weight or commercial carcass cuts of native chickens. It can be concluded that the administration of 4% dragon fruit peel aqueous extract, 4% papaya seed aqueous extract, and the combination of 2% dragon fruit peel aqueous extract and 2% papaya seed aqueous extract was not able to increase the commercial carcass cuts of 10-week-old native chickens.
Keywords
Download Options
Introduction
Increasing public awareness of the importance of protein in the body has encouraged people to seek animal-based protein sources to meet their nutritional needs. One of the most popular sources of animal protein is chicken meat. Chicken meat contains high nutritional value and plays an important role in fulfilling nutritional requirements, particularly as a source of animal protein. Native chickens are among the poultry types that are highly preferred by consumers.
One of the indicators of successful native chicken production is an increase in carcass weight. According to Ulupi et al. (2018), the carcass is the part of the chicken's body that has high economic value. Commercial carcass cuts consist of the breast, thighs, back, and wings. In native chicken production, several challenges frequently affect carcass yield, including suboptimal growth performance and declining health status. To overcome these problems, farmers have commonly used Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGPs) to stimulate growth, improve feed efficiency, enhance production performance, and maintain animal health. However, the use of AGPs may result in antibiotic residues in chicken meat, which can pose health risks to consumers (Sinurat et al., 2003). Consequently, the Indonesian government issued the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia Number 14 of 2017, which prohibits the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in livestock production. Therefore, natural feed additives are needed as alternatives to prevent antibiotic residues in native chicken meat, such as dragon fruit peel and papaya seeds.
Dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) has potential as a feed additive because it contains nutrients with antibacterial properties that may improve nutrient absorption efficiency (Mustika et al., 2014). Dragon fruit peel contains various antioxidant compounds, including vitamin C, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, and saponins (Noor et al., 2016). It also contains anthocyanins, which not only function as antioxidants but may also improve the appearance and performance of broiler chickens (Maheri et al., 2022). Papaya seeds (Carica papaya L.) are another natural ingredient that can be used as a feed additive due to their antibacterial properties. Papaya seeds contain phytochemical compounds such as saponins, tannins, and flavonoids, which have potential as natural antioxidants (Yanti, 2017). Sukadana et al. (2008) reported that triterpenoid isolates extracted from papaya seeds exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, thereby supporting digestive processes in chickens.
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of administering aqueous extracts of dragon fruit peel, papaya seeds, and their combination through drinking water on the percentage of commercial carcass cuts in native chickens.
Conclusion
Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the supplementation of dragon fruit peel and papaya seed aqueous extracts through drinking water at the levels of 4% dragon fruit peel aqueous extract, 4% papaya seed aqueous extract, and a combination of 2% dragon fruit peel aqueous extract and 2% papaya seed aqueous extract did not improve slaughter weight, carcass weight, breast percentage, back percentage, thigh percentage, or wing percentage of native chickens.
Future research should consider evaluating higher dosages, longer treatment durations, or alternative administration methods (such as feed incorporation) to determine whether these factors influence the effectiveness of dragon fruit peel and papaya seed aqueous extracts on carcass traits of native chickens.
References
- Adnyana, I. G. S., Dewi, G. A. M. K., & Wirapartha, M. (2014). Pengaruh imbangan energi dan protein ransum terhadap karkas ayam kampung betina umur 30 minggu [Skripsi]. Universitas Udayana.
- Ariawan, P. T. B., Siti, N. W., & Sukmawati, N. M. S. (2016). Pengaruh pemberian ransum diferentasi dengan probiotik berbasis sari daun pepaya terhadap potongan karkas komersial ayam kampung. Jurnal Peternakan Tropika, *4*(2), 351-365.
- Arifin, B., & Ibrahim, S. (2018). Struktur, bioaktivitas dan antioksidan flavonoid. Jurnal Zarah, *6*(1), 21-29.
- Corzo, A., & Kidd, M. T. (2004). Dietary amino acid density effects on growth and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Poultry Science, *83*(5), 683-689.
- Harimurti, S. (1990). Pengaruh level pemberian energi dan protein pakan terhadap persentase berat karkas dan bagian-bagiannya pada ayam potong. Agritech: Jurnal Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian UGM, *10*(1), 11-15.
- Khalaji, S., Zaghari, M., Hatami, K., Hedari-Dastjerdi, S., Lotfollahian, H., & Nazarian, H. (2011). Effects of different levels of Thymus vulgaris essential oil and virginiamycin on the performance, immunity, and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. African Journal of Biotechnology, *10*(61), 13482-13489.
- Londok, J. J. M. R., & Rompis, J. E. G. (2018). Pengaruh pembatasan pakan pada periode starter terhadap potongan komersial 2 strain ayam pedaging. In Seminar Nasional VII HITPI (pp. 5-6).
- Maheri, N. W. R., Candrawati, D. P. M. A., & Dewi, G. A. M. K. (2022). Penampilan broiler yang diberi jus kulit buah naga melalui air minum. Jurnal Peternakan Tropika, *10*(3), 630-644.
- Mahfuds, L. D., Maulana, F. L., Atmpmarsono, U., & Sarjana, T. A. (2009). Karkas dan lemak abdominal ayam broiler yang diberi ampas bir dalam ransum. In Seminar Nasional Kebangkitan Peternakan. Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Diponegoro Semarang.
- Mait, Y. S., Rompis, J. E. G., Tulung, B., Laihad, J., & Londok, J. J. M. R. (2019). Pengaruh pembatasan pakan dan sumber serat kasar berbeda terhadap bobot hidup, bobot karkas dan potongan komersial karkas ayam broiler strain lohman. Zootec, *39*(1), 134-145.
- Mustika, C. I., Aldila, I., & Sjofjan, O. W. E. (2014). Pengaruh penambahan tepung kulit buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhyzus) dalam pakan terhadap penampilan produksi burung puyuh (Coturnix coturnix japonica) [Thesis]. Universitas Brawijaya.
- Noor, M. I., Yufita, E., & Zulfalina. (2016). Identifikasi kandungan ekstrak kulit buah naga merah menggunakan fourier transform infrared (ftir) dan fitokimia. Journal of Aceh Physics Society, *5*(1), 14-16.
- North, M. O., & Bell, D. D. (1990). Commercial chicken production manual (4th ed.). The Avi Publishing Company Inc.
- Pasang, N. A. (2016). Persentase karkas, bagian-bagian karkas dan lemak abdominal itik lokal (Anas Sp.) yang diberi tepung kunyit (Curcuma Domestica Val.) dalam pakan [Skripsi]. Universitas Hasanuddin.
- Peng, W., Talpur, M. Z., Zeng, Y., Zie, P., Lie, J., Wang, S., & Zhang, H. (2022). Influence of fermented feed additive on gut morphology, immune status, and microbiota in broilers. BMC Veterinary Research, *18*(1), 218.
- Putra, I. P. A. Y., Dewi, G. A. M. K., & Wirapartha, M. (2021). Pengaruh pemberian jus kulit buah naga terhadap produksi karkas burung puyuh umur 10 minggu. Jurnal Peternakan Tropika, *9*(2), 378-390.
- Sinurat, A. P., Purwadaria, T., Togatorop, M. H., & Pasaribu, T. (2003). Pemanfaatan bioaktif tanaman sebagai feed additive pada ternak unggas: Pengaruh pemberian gel lidah buaya atau ekstraknya dalam ransum terhadap penampilan ayam pedaging. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner, *8*, 139-145.
- Soeparno. (2005). Ilmu dan teknologi daging (4th ed.). Gadjah Mada University Press.
- Steel, R. G. D., & Torrie, J. H. (1993). Prinsip dan prosedur statistika suatu pendekatan biometrik (M. Syah, Trans.). Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
- Sukadana, I., Rahayu, S. S., & Juliarti, N. (2008). Aktivitas antibakteri senyawa golongan triterpenoid dari biji pepaya (Carica papaya L.). Jurnal Kimia, *2*(1), 15-18.
- Ulupi, N., Nuraini, H., Parulian, J., & Kusuma, S. Q. (2018). Karakteristik karkas dan non karkas ayam broiler jantan dan betina pada umur pemotongan 30 hari. Jurnal Ilmu Produksi Dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan, *6*(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.29244/jipthp.6.1.1-5
- Yanti, E. P. (2017). Efek pemberian ekstrak biji dan ekstrak daun pepaya (Carica papaya linn) terhadap kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida tikus putih jantan galur wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang diberi diet tinggi lemak. Hang Tuah Medical Journal, *15*(1), 1-9.