The Influence of Inoculation with Streptomyces Albogriseolus-89 on Durum Wheat (T. Durum Desf.) Growth and Development
Abstract
The influence of actinomycete strain Streptomyces albogriseolus-89 (isolated from soils of Khevi region, Stepantsminda, Georgia) on growth and development, as well as the content of metabolites (chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, proline, soluble phenols, total proteins, soluble carbohydrates) and peroxidase activity in leaves of durum wheat (T. durum Desf.) has been studied. It was established that inoculation of wheat seeds with the strain has stimulated stem and ear growth, positively affected protein content (raised by 12%) and peroxidase activity (increased by 1.3 times) as well as enhanced the yield and resistance of plant to biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Introduction
Food supply of the world population is an ecological problem of an international scale. Raising the yield of food crops is one of the ways of the problem’ssalvation. For this purpose, environmentally safe alternative to chemical fertilizers-the biofertilizers, which are biopreparations made from living microorganisms, are successfully used in agriculture today. After the treatment of seeds or underground parts of the plant with such biofertilizer, the microorganisms of the biopreparation settle on the rhizosphere or inside of the plant and reveal a visible effect on its growth and development; this allows obtaining ecologically safe harvest along with the increase in productivity. In addition to direct effect, microorganisms reveal indirect influence on plant, protecting it from damage caused by various pathogens or abiotic stressors (Miliute et al., 2015). Accordingly, the demand for microbial inoculants and biofertilizers has increased significantly in recent decades. (Thomas, Singh, 2019; Umesha et al., 2018).
Among the promising microorganisms applied in agriculture are actinomycetes, which are producers of many commercially important metabolites, like enzymes, hormones, or antibiotics (Nagendran et al., 2021). Both the rhizosphere and tissues of plants are abundantly populated with actinomycetes. The secondary metabolites produced by these microorganisms improve soil fertility and plant mineral supply, as well as protect the plant from phytopathogens and increase its stress resistance (Silva et al., 2022).
Despite the great biotechnological potential of actinomycetes, the share of products based on these microorganisms on the world market is very small (Silva et al., 2022).
The purpose of the presented study was to investigate the effect of inoculation of durum wheat (T. durum Desf.) seeds with the local actinomycete strain-Streptomyces albogriseolus-89 on the growth and development of the plant, and on the content of metabolites (chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, proline, soluble phenols, total proteins, soluble carbohydrates) as well as peroxidase activity in leaves.
The strain Streptomyces albogriseolus-89 was chosen as a test object because of its positive characteristics: high activity of prostaglandin synthetase and the active synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In addition, its antagonistic activity against a number of microorganisms, including plant pathogens such as: Elitrosporangium brasiliense, agrobacterium tumefaciens, Aspergillus niger, Pectobacterium aroideae, Xanthomonas campestris, has been established (Mamulashvili, 1995).
Conclusion
Obtained results clearly demonstrate that the inoculation of wheat seeds with Streptomyces albogriseolus-89 strain has a stimulating effect on plant growth and development, increases its productivity and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Accordingly, the potential of the strain may be used to make a plant growth stimulating preparation; for this purpose additional research is planned in future.
