The Relationship Between Soil Moisture And Temperature Vegetation On Kirklareli City Luleburgaz District A Natural Pasture Vegetation

Climate change is expected to affect agriculture very differently in different parts of the world (Parry et al., 2004). Climate change impacts on crop yield are often integrated with its effects on water productivity and soil water balance. Global warming will influence temperature and rainfall, which will directly have effects on the soil moisture status and groundwater level (Kang et al.2009). According to Valentine, (1990), livestock products provide the major economic return from most range and pasture lands and compared with harvested or purchased feeds, pastures and pasture provide a relatively inexpensive and energy -efficient feed source for livestock. Climate change is change the community structure of grasslands (Buckland et al., 2001; Lüscher et al., 2004). Grasslands will differ in their response to climate change depending on their type (species, soil type, management) (Olesen , 2006 ). Management and species richness of grasslands may increase their resilience to change (Duckworth et al., 2000). Particularly climatic factors, like mean annual precipitation and precipitation variability, have a huge impact on rang eland condition and fodder production (Williams and Albertson, 2006). Climate change in the form of decreasing mean annual precipitation accompanied by increasing variability has important consequences for rangeland productivity and thus pastoral livelihood security (Martin et al.2013). Soil moisture plays a key role in vegetation restoration and ecosystem stability in arid and semiarid regions. The response of soil moisture to rainfall pulses is an important hydrological process, which is strongly influenced by land use during the implementation of vegetation restoration. Soil moisture depended strongly on precipitation (Yu et al.2015). Soil moisture is a key rangeland health parameter as it is the principal limiting factor in semi -arid ecosystems (Weber and Gokhale, 2010) . Soil moisture and temperature are together referred to as  "soil climate". The effects of soil climate are mainly the basic determining criteria that separate range ecosystems from other natural ecosystems. In addition, soil climate affects all soil-plant relationships in range ecosystems. Rooting depth, water potentials, nutrient intake and nutrient element distribution are affected by the amount and time of moisture availability associated with the critical temperatures at which the root activity is observed. The temperature and moisture near the soil surface affect the germination of range plants. Besides germination, settlement and continuity also depend on the temperature and moisture of the soil (Altin et al. 2011). Temperature is an important feature that has a significant effect on the biological events that take place in the soil and directs the physical and chemical processes. The root development of most plants ceases at temperatures below 5˚C. The availability of soil and air temperature data is necessary to understand plant-soil relationships and to be able to make comments on the use of the soil (Dinc and Senol, 1998) and therefore will create a basis for the projections to be drawn for range management and improvement in the future. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of I) different pasture sites and II) soil moisture and temperature on vegetation composition in a natural pasture. Fırıncıoglu et al. (2008) and Ababou et al. (2009) stated that, to perform a redundancy analysis (RDA) to determine the topographic and edaphic factors that influence plant species occurrence to understand the most important components affecting the segregation of plant species. For this purpose, RDA analyses were performed using CANOCO 4.5 computer program in this study.