Yield and yield attributes in ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) somaclones for quality seed production
Abstract
The experiment was taken up to elicit the information on the performance of different ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) somaclones for yield and quality for quality seed production. Ten somaclones of ginger were evaluated in RBD with three replications during 2015-18 at College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur district, Kerala. The growth performance often somaclones indicated significant variation at all the stages of crop growth. Among the somaclones, SE 86102 (16.00 days) and SE 8626 (16.33 days) registered least number of days for sprouting. Among the vegetative characters studied, the maximum plant height (107.38 cm) was recorded by the somaclone SE 86102 which was significantly superior to other somaclones and check varieties. Somaclone CHP 118 recorded maximum number of tillers (20.33), number of leaves per shoot (28.67) and total number of leaves per shoot (117.33). The highest leaf area was recorded by C 8632 with a value of 62.12 cm2. Among the rhizome characters recorded, the somaclone CHP 118 gave highest number of primary rhizomes (4.83) which was on par with SE 8626 (4.33) and C 8632 (4.08). The highest number of secondary rhizome was recorded by CHP 118 (10.33) which was on par with SE 8626 (10.06) and C 8632 (10.01). Weight of mother rhizome was the highest in the somaclone SE 8642 (11.00 g)and CHP 118 (10.67 g). Similarly, weight of primary rhizome was highest in SE 8642 (15.73 g), SE 8626 (15.07 g)and CHP 118 (14.80 g). Weight of secondary rhizome was highest in SE 8626 (13.20 g)and SE 8642 (12.33 g). The highest fresh rhizome yield per plant was recorded by somaclone CHP 118 (274.13 g), SE 8626 (266.67 g), C 8632 (259.67 g)and SE 8642(251.67 g)at full maturity. The highest yield per plot was recorded by somaclone CHP 118 (8.77 kg), SE 86 26(8.54 kg), C 8632 (8.31 kg) and SE 8642 (8.06 kg). The fresh rhizome yield per hectare was was maximum in CHP 118 (35.08 t), SE 86 26(34.16 t), C 8632 (33.24 t) and SE 8642 (32.24 t).It is concluded that somaclones were highly variable in their performance, yield and yield attributes. Four somaclones viz., CHP 118, SE 8626, C 8632 and SE 8642 were identified as high yielders from their outstanding performance throughout their growth period with highest yield in CHP 118. This can be due to more number of tillers, leaves per shoot and rhizomes and also weight of primary, secondary and mother rhizomes.
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Introduction
Ginger is an important commercial spice crop grown in India for its culinary and wide range of medicinal uses and is considered as an essential component of the kitchen pharmacy. It belongs to the family Zingiberaceae, native of SouthEast Asia. It is a tropical and sub-tropical perennial herb ‘generally recognized as safe’ by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States and has gained considerable attention as a botanical dietary supplement in developed countries, opening ample export potential. Somaclonal variations act as a major source of variability for crop improvement in ginger (Shylaja et al., 2010 and Dev, 2013). Evaluation of somaclones derived from two polyploids (Z-0-78 and Z-0-86) and a triploid cultivar Himachal Pradesh (generated through indirect organogenesis and embryogenesis) indicated that somaclones are superior to conventionally propagated plants for various growth and yield parameters (Kurian, 2010) .The present investigation was carried outwith the objective of evaluating somaclones in ginger for variability in performance, yield and yield attributes for quality seed production.
Conclusion
The present study concluded that somaclones were highly variable in their performance, yield and yield attributes. Among the somaclones studied, CHP 118 showed significant performance followed by SE 8626, C 8632 and SE 8642 with respect to growth and yield parameters compared to other somaclones and check varieties. They can berated as the best since they possess the higher rhizome yield and found suitable for cultivation and seed production in Kerala condition. Yield contributing attributes may betaken care of in selecting variety for high yield.
