Yield and Yield Parameters of 46 Cotton (Gossypium spp.) Cultivars under Kahramanmaras (Turkey) Conditions
Abstract
Variety yield and adaptation studies are of great importance in increasing cotton production and cultivation. This work was carryout to determine yield(seed cotton and fiber) and yield parameters (plant height, sympodial branches, boll number, seed cotton weight, 100 seed weight and ginning outturn) of 46 cotton genotypes, two of which belong to barbadense and forty-four of hirsutum species, under east Mediterranean ecological conditions of Kahramanmaras – Turkey in 2013 and 2014. According to the analysis of variance yield and yield parameters showed significant differences between genotypes. Year and genotype-year interactions were not significant for all characteristics studied. Based on two-year average results, cotton cultivars BA-119, ST-468 and Furkan gave higher seed cotton and fiber yield per hectare than the others. Minimum seed cotton and fiber yield was observed in Maydos. Cotton varieties BA-119, ST-468 and Furkan can be recommended to cotton producers for production regions due to their high seed cotton and fiber yield.
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Introduction
The cotton plant is of great economic importance for country producers with its value and employment opportunities. Cotton is used by the gin industry, fiber and textile industry in terms of processing, and cottonseed that contains a significant amount of oil is the raw material of the feed industry. Cotton has an important place in Turkish agriculture and economy. Although Turkey produces a significant amount of cotton, the country is an important cotton importer due to the higher cotton fiber demand of the cotton textile industry. According to the average data of the last three years in Turkey, 499.452 hectares of cotton was cultivated and 2.400.000 tons of seed cotton was produced (Anonymous, 2019). Turkey’scotton fiber consumption has increased with advances in textile sectors and has reached 1.6 million tons per year. For cotton producers, cotton varieties must be highly yielding and well adapted to environmental conditions. For consumers, it must have quality fibers. The choice of cotton produced in our country by the domestic industry depends on their high fiber yields as well as their quality parameters such as length, fineness and strength at an acceptable level. For this reason, intense studies are carried out to improve cotton yield and quality parameters (Alam et al., 1991; Dolancay et al., 2015; Sullu et al., 2015; Cicek et al., 2015; Ogur et al., 2015; Tekeli et al., 2015; Cicek and Coban, 2017; Killi et al., 2019; Killi and Beycioglu, 2020a). Additionally, production and adaptation studies are performed to determine high yield and quality cotton varieties and lines suitable for production regions (Kıllı and Aloglu, 2000; Sivaslıoglu and Görmüş, 2001; Ünay et al., 2001; Dolancay et al., 2015; Kocturk et al., 2015; Sullu et al., 2015; Cicek et al., 2015; Ogur et al., 2015; Tekeli et al., 2015; Karademir et al., 2015; Cicek and Coban, 2017; Killi and Beycioglu, 2020b).In this study, it was aimed to determine yield and yield parameters of 46 cotton varieties under Kahramanmaras– Turkey ecological conditions.
Conclusion
In this experiment, which was carryout under Kahramanmaras (Turkey) province condition to find out the yield and yield components of 46 cotton genotypes, demonstrated that all investigated characteristics were significantly affected by genotypes. Among the investigated cultivars, plant height of 68.32-107.37 cm, number of sympodial branches per plant of 4.62-9.75, boll number per plant of 4.37-11.05, seed cotton weight per boll of 4.42-6.13 g, 100 seed weight of 9.37-13.23 g, ginning outturn of 28.57-42.57 %, seed cotton yield of 1574.5-4497.1 kg ha-1 and fiber yield of 49.7-1779.2 kg ha-1 were changed. Overall, genotypes BA-119, ST-468 and Furkan showed best performance and found more adaptive to the growing conditions.
