Yield, Yield Components and Lint Quality Traits of Some Cotton Cultivars Grown under East Mediterranean Conditions
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine yield, yield components and lint quality traits of some cotton cultivars during the cotton growing season under East Mediterranean conditions of Kahramanmaraş-Turkey. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. Eighteen cotton cultivars (Delcerro, Korina, Tamcotsphinx, Aleppo-40, Kurak-2, Sealand-542, Coker-320, Dak-6, Carolina Queen, Nak-8, Siokra-133, Gürelbey, Small bract-1, NK-245, Bahar-82, Silcot-3, Acala-5 and Frego) were used as plant material. At the end of the study, it was determined that there were significant differences among the cotton cultivars for all investigated characteristics. The results showed that plant height, boll number, seed cotton weight, 100-seed weight, lint percentage, seed cotton yield, seed yield, seed oil and protein content, fiber length, fineness and strength for eighteen cotton cultivars ranged between 55.59-112.50 cm, 6.40-9.76 no. plant-1, 4.40-5.83 no. boll-1, 9.11-12.65 g, 35.19-43.06 %, 293.76-419.91 kg da-1, 173.11-272.14 kg da-1, 17.12-22.93 %, 22.71-31.82 %, 26.00-32.80 mm, 3.50-4.60 micronaire and 25.40-40.20 gtex-1, respectively. Cotton cultivar Gürelbey was distinguished with high lint percentage. Cultivar Bahar-82 gave the best results for 100-seed weight, seed cotton yield, seed yield, seed protein content and lint quality traits.
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Introduction
Cotton is an important plant used in the textile industry with natural fibers in the world. It is also used in oil and feed industry with oil and protein in seeds. According to 2017 data, 74.3 million tons of seed cotton from 32.9 million hectares of land in the world (Anonymous, 2017a). Cotton fibers can be used in many industrial areas (string, lamp roving, carpet yarn, medical cotton, plastic and gunpowder) where other cellulose is needed, especially in the textile and clothing sector. Cotton is a strategic product and plays an important role in Turkish agriculture and economy. In 2017, 501.478 hectares of cotton was cultivated and 2.4 million tons of seed cotton was produced in Turkey (Anonymous, 2017b).Although our country produces a significant amount of cotton, the country is an important cotton importer due to the higher cotton fiber demand of the cotton textile industry. For this reason, intensive agronomic and breeding studies are carried out by Turkish cotton researchers to improve the technological properties of fiber in cotton (Başal and Turgut, 2003; Mertet al. 2003; Karademir, 2005; Karademir et al. 2009; Guvercin et al. 2018). Additionally, production and adaptation studies are performed to determine high yield and quality cotton varieties for production areas (Killi and Aloglu, 2000; Sivaslıoglu and Gormus, 2001; Unay et al. 2001; Karademir et al. 2015).In this study, it was aimed to determine seed cotton yield, yield components and important fiber quality properties of 18 cotton varieties under Kahramanmaras ecological conditions located in East Mediterranean region.
Conclusion
The present study was aimed to examine different cotton genotypes under East Mediterranean climatic conditions. The results demonstrated that a considerable variation was observed for investigated characters among cotton genotypes. It is concluded from the present study that 18 cotton genotypes were identified infield conditions, and Bahar-82 were found high-efficiency and quality for seed cotton yield and fiber quality parameters such as length, fineness and strength. It was also determined that Gurelbey variety had the highest lint percentage. These genotypes (Bahar-82 and Gurelbey) could be used as genetic resources for improving seed cotton yield productivity and lint quality under East Mediterranean climatic conditions.