Agriculture Journal: Volume-9, Issue-8, August, 2023

Abstract- The knowledge of the bioavailability of mineral elements in the soil to plants is of great agronomic interest for the improvement of agricultural production. For this purpose, soil samples were taken from the top 60 cm of the soil in the three different sectors of the sugarcane plantations at the Zuenoula integrated agricultural unit. These samples underwent physico-chemical analyses in the laboratory according to standard procedures. The results of the soil analyses are compared with the reference values for sugarcane. All these values were georefrenced through the coordonates of the corresponding sample. These georeferenced values were processed by interpolation methods with ArcGis software to obtain thematic maps of the bioavailability of these nutrients. The results obtained show that the texture was silty in all soil layers considered. They are not very acidic. nitrogen levels are low. Organic carbon and Phosphorus contents are low to moderate. The mineralisation of organic matter is relatively normal. The adsorbent complex was slightly to moderately saturated. Various ratios (Ca/Mg and Mg/K) point to nutritional imbalances. Thematic mapping of these different parameters showed a deficiency in mineral elements, at high percentages (≥ 90%) in the different soil layers. This reflects the expression of a generally low to medium soil fertility status. This would require the correction of these limiting factors for optimal mineral nutrition of sugarcane. Thus, sustainable soil fertility management requires a good knowledge of the physico-chemical parameters of soils cultivated with sugarcane. Spatial information technology leading to detailed mapping of soil, is an important tool to achieve this.

Abstract- Since the invention and inception of plastics in our daily life, the continuous use of the product has increased causing harmful effects to the environment and human life. Now the time has come to awake and be aware of the use and management of plastics in our daily life. The current scenario reveals that plastic consumption has increased in our daily life activities, whether it be food as packaging items, cosmetics, plastic bottles, polythene, and pharmaceutical sector, and other manufacturing and production sectors for efficient and safe delivery of the items. The synthetic plastic production process and degradation of used products, if not managed properly, show adverse impacts on the environment. The reuse and recycling of plastic products seem to be the best strategy, however, depends on the product, technique applied and rate of decomposition. In the present circumstances, the use of bio-plastics is a better alternative, as they are safe, eco-friendly, biodegradable, without harming the living components of any ecosystem. Moreover, the potentiality of microorganisms to degrade the bio-plastic wastes has opened a new forum on reuse, recycling, and processing of plastic waste management. This comprehensive review aims at the generation of plastic waste, their impact on human life and the environment, reducing and recycling techniques, the significance of biodegradable plastics, and their decomposition using microorganisms. Moreover, the problems and challenges that occur during the production and degradation of plastic waste are more important to minimize the impact for sustainable development.

Abstract- The present investigation entitled Interaction effect of sowing time and nitrogen levels on growth and yield parameters on Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) was carried out using 10 treatment combinations and was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with three replications. The experiment comprised two main parameters, namely the sowing dates and the nitrogen levels. Sowing Time was 15th September & 20th October while Nitrogen levels were kept 50Kg N/ha, 65Kg N/ha, 100Kg N/ha,125Kg N/h, 150Kg N/ha respectively. Appropriate analysis of variance on the results of each experiment was performed and the data obtained from the field surveys was pooled and then data was analysis with the help of OP STAT software. It could be concluded that the nitrogen level 150kg/ha show maximum result both in growth and yield characters and sowing date 20th October performs well in all parameters. The combined effect of sowing dates and nitrogen levels showed that sowing on 20th October, nitrogen level 125kg/ha performed well in respect of contributing growth characters and yield.

Abstract- Paddy (Oryza sativa) rice cultivation in India extensively employs chemical insecticides to manage insect pests such as stem borers, leaf folders, and planthoppers. While effective in controlling pests, several commonly used active ingredients, including fipronil, chlorantraniliprole, lambda-cyhalothrin, and thiamethoxam, exhibit persistence in soil ecosystems and pose toxicity risks. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the types of insecticides used, their persistence and toxicological profiles, effects on soil microbial communities critical for fertility, and potential risks to human health. Furthermore, it evaluates microbial bioremediation as a promising strategy to mitigate pesticide residues and restore soil health. In view of the above, sustainable pesticide management practices integrated with bioremediation approaches are needed to balance crop protection and ecosystem health.