Agriculture Journal: Volume-10, Issue-7, July, 2024

Abstract- Mulberry is integral to sericulture, with its foliage being crucial for silk quality. The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, significantly impacts mulberry by causing considerable leaf yield losses and degrading leaf quality. This study evaluated the efficacy of various bioagents for the eco-friendly management of RKN. The bioagents tested were Purpureocillium lilacinum, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride, Pochonia clamydosporia, and Pseudomonas fluorescens, alongside control treatments including carbofuran 3G and neem cake. Results demonstrated that T. viride markedly reduced the nematode population in both soil and roots, achieving a nematode reduction of 79.82% in soil and 85.21% in roots at 120 days post-treatment. These reductions were comparable to those obtained with the chemical standard carbofuran 3G. The application of T. viride, in conjunction with farmyard manure, emerged as a highly effective strategy, offering a sustainable alternative to chemical nematicides. This approach not only controls RKN populations but also enhances soil health, thereby supporting sustainable sericulture practices. These findings underscore the potential of bioagents in fostering environmentally sustainable and economically viable sericulture. Keywords— Bioagents, Mulberry, Population, Root-knot nematode, Rhizosphere.

Abstract- Agriculture has played a significant role in India's history throughout its long and rich cultural heritage. A holistic approach to sustainable farming (agroecology or regenerative agriculture) strives to strike a balance between environmental stewardship, economic viability, and social equality. Organic farming is based on the idea that "The Earth has enough for everyone's need but not for everyone's greed"- Mahatma Gandhi. The origins of sustainable farming can be found in prehistoric civilisations when dependence on natural systems made conventional farming methods naturally sustainable. However, as industrialisation and mechanised agriculture spread, they also brought forth practices that were dangerous for the environment and the welfare of communities. The Indian subcontinent's ancient civilisations, such as the Harappan and Vedic civilisations, were forerunners in developing sustainable farming practices that supported their societies for generations. Communities of the time relied on the land for their livelihoods and understood the need to protect it for future generations. Therefore, agricultural practices were closely tied to sustainability concepts. By examining ancient history, Mughal history, and their relevance in the context of modern sustainable farming in India, this article illuminates the knowledge of our ancestors, and it draws conclusions from both literary works and historical data. Keywords— Agriculture, Sustainable farming, Organic Farming, Environment, Social equality.

Abstract- Agritourism, the blending of agriculture and tourism, has emerged as a significant global phenomenon in recent years. This review paper aims to provide an overview of the rise of agritourism, analyzing its various dimensions, impacts, and potential for sustainable development. Drawing upon a comprehensive selection of academic literature, industry reports, and case studies, this review synthesizes key findings to shed light on the evolution and significance of this growing trend. The paper begins by outlining the historical context of agritourism, tracing its origins from traditional farm-based activities to the development of organized agritourism enterprises. Subsequently, it explores the drivers behind the surge in agritourism's popularity, including increasing urbanization, consumer interest in authentic experiences, and a growing desire for sustainable and ethical travel. Furthermore, the review delves into the diverse forms of agritourism that have emerged, ranging from farm stays and farmers' markets to educational tours and hands-on experiences in agricultural practices. It also highlights the role of digital platforms and social media in promoting agritourism destinations and fostering a connection between urban tourists and rural agricultural communities. The impacts of agritourism, both positive and negative, are examined in the paper. Positive effects include economic benefits for rural communities, preservation of cultural heritage, and the promotion of agricultural knowledge and understanding among visitors. On the other hand, challenges such as increased environmental footprints, over-tourism, and potential disruption of local traditions are discussed as well. The review also analyzes the regulatory and policy frameworks that have been developed in response to the rise of agritourism. Governments and organizations have sought to strike a balance between promoting rural development and safeguarding the agricultural sector's sustainability and natural resources. Finally, the paper explores the future prospects of agritourism as a sustainable and resilient form of tourism. It discusses opportunities for innovation and diversification, such as incorporating agriculturist principles, integrating technological advancements, and addressing the changing preferences of travelers. In conclusion, the rise of agritourism represents a dynamic and evolving trend with the potential to contribute positively to rural development, sustainable agriculture, and cultural exchange. While challenges exist, careful planning and collaboration between stakeholders can ensure that agritourism continues to thrive as a valuable sector within the broader tourism industry. Further research and strategic initiatives are essential to harness the full potential of agritourism while mitigating its potential negative impacts. Keywords— Agritourism, Agriculture, Impact, Rise, Tourism.

Abstract- Precision agriculture has transformed current agricultural techniques by incorporating cutting-edge technology to maximize resource usage, increase crop output, and reduce insect threats. This article delves into the nexus of precision agriculture and pest management, explaining how precise approaches are designed to address pest concerns effectively and sustainably. Precision agriculture takes a multifaceted approach to pest control, using technology and tactics from throughout the agricultural environment. Remote sensing technologies are essential for early pest identification, sensor technologies for real-time field monitoring, and GPS/GIS applications for accurate mapping and focused control methods. The integration of entomological data is critical in precision pest management because it allows for precise pest identification, behaviour monitoring, and predictive modelling, which helps to successfully forecast and prevent pest outbreaks. Automated insect identification technologies, DNA barcoding, and decision support systems allow for proactive pest control tactics adapted to individual pest species and environmental circumstances. Precision pest management's economic and environmental consequences highlight its importance in contemporary agriculture, with cost-benefit analyses demonstrating increased efficiency and a lower environmental imprint. To encourage wider use and maximum benefits, specific solutions must address implementation challenges such as technology hurdles and farmer acceptance. Keywords— Automatic insect identification systems, Pest control, Precision agriculture, Remote sensing technology, Sustainable agriculture

Abstract- Heat waves are extreme weather events characterized by prolonged periods of excessively high temperatures, which pose significant threats to public health, agriculture, and infrastructure. In India, heat waves have become more frequent and intense in recent decades, attributed largely to climate change. Various existing studies on the topic was reviewed by searching on numerous databases like Springer, Research gate, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Indian metrology site etc. This review paper synthesizes current knowledge on the occurrence, impacts, and mitigation strategies of heat waves in India. It examines historical trends and future projections of heat wave occurrences, highlighting regional variations and vulnerable populations. The review also explores the physiological and socio-economic impacts, including mortality, morbidity, and economic losses. Additionally, it discusses adaptation and mitigation measures, such as early warning systems, urban planning, and public health interventions, that are being implemented to reduce the adverse effects of heat waves. By consolidating existing research and identifying gaps, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of heat waves in India and contribute to the development of effective policies and strategies to combat this growing threat. Keywords— Heat waves, cause, environment, impact, people, trends.