Volume-10, Issue-5, May 2024

Abstract

Coronaviruses are known for their ability to cause gastrointestinal, respiratory, and central nervous system diseases in various species of avian, mammalian, and human hosts. In dogs, it is one of the most important viral agents causing gastroenteritis. Canine coronavirus is an emerging infectious disease affecting animals of all ages. Canine Enteric Coronavirus (CCoV) belongs to the Coronaviridae family and the Nidovirales order, exerting a significant impact on veterinary activities in kennels and animal shelters due to the rapid spread of the virus, causing economic losses due to mortality and/or morbidity, especially in commercial production kennels. Pathogenic variants can cause severe disease, characterized by loss of appetite, vomiting, profuse bloody and watery diarrhea with a putrid odor, abundant serosanguineous fluid in the abdominal cavity, accompanied by fever, anorexia, vomiting, prostration, severe dehydration, and death in young animals. From 1994 to 2016, 643 samples of feces, rectal swabs, and organ fragments from dogs were submitted for viral agent research. The samples were processed for transmission electron microscopy by negative staining and immunoelectron microscopy techniques. Transmission electron microscopy examination by negative staining technique revealed the presence of pleomorphic, rounded, or spherical enveloped coronavirus particles containing typical radial projections in the form of a solar crown, with an average diameter of 140 nm in 287 (44.63%) out of 643 samples. In the immunoelectron microscopy technique, the antigen-antibody interaction was characterized by the aggregation of viral particles in 287 (44.63%) of the fecal samples, fecal swabs, intestinal mucosa, and intestinal fragments analyzed.

Keywords: Coronavirus, Dogs, Gastroenteritis, Transmission Electron Microscopy

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Abstract

Comparative proximate and selected mineral analysis of two edible land snails (Archachatina Marginata, Achatina fulica were carried out using standard methods. Proximate analysis of the snail meat revealed that that moisture was slightly higher in A. marginata (58.90+0.01a) and least in A. fulica (58.58+0.01a) which was not significantly different from each other. The fat content of A. marginata (8.72+0.01a) was slightly low and slight high in A. fulica (8.920.01a) which is also not significant. The value for the ash was not significantly different in A. marginata (2.31+0.01a) when compared to A. fulica (2.71+0.01a) which was least. The protein content of A. marginata (26.62+0.02a) was lower compared to A. fulica (27.40+0.02a) which is also not significant. While, the carbohydrate content of A. marginata (3.45+0.01a) was higher compared to A. fulica (3.250.01a) meat which is also not significant. The result of the mineral analysis showed that A. marginata recorded highest value (mg/100 g)in Ca (1.77±0.07), Se (2.26± 0.14), Pb (2.73±2.81) and Zn (22.85± 0.15). While A. fulica the least values of 1.6±0.02, 1.86±0.08, 0.72±0.03 and 22.08±0.25 respectively. The values across species for all the minerals analyzed were not significantly different (p<0.05) from one another. The result indicates that the two edible land snail species (A. marginata and A. fulica) are nutritionally rich in protein and mineral nutrients which can be obtained at minimal cost. Hence, consumption for both the young and old should be encouraged as an alternative source of essential nutrients.

Keywords: Proximate, Mineral, Land Snails, Protein

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Abstract

Afield experiment was carried out at the Research Farm of Division of Agronomy of Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, Chatha during the rabi season of 2017-18. The soil of the experiment was sandy clay loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction, low inorganic carbon, available nitrogen and medium in available phosphorus and potassium. The experiment was carried out in randomized block design with 12 treatments and 3 replications. Three different dual purpose rabi fodders viz. Oat, Barley and Wheat were subjected to four integrated nutrient management treatments. The treatments consisted of oat with recommended dose of fertilizers + 25%N through FYM(T ), oat with 75% 1 recommended dose of fertilizers + 50% N through FYM (T ), oat with 50% recommended dose of fertilizers+ 75% N through 2 FYM (T ), oat with 25% recommended dose of fertilizers+100% N through FYM (T ), barley with recommended dose of 3 4 fertilizers+ 25% N through FYM (T ), barley with 75% recommended dose of fertilizers+50% N through FYM (T ), barley 5 6 with 50% recommended dose of fertilizers+75% N through FYM (T ), barley with 25% recommended dose of fertilizers+100% 7 N through FYM (T ), wheat with recommended dose of fertilizers+25%N through FYM (T ), wheat with 75% recommended 8 9 dose of fertilizers+50% N through FYM (T ), wheat with 50% recommended dose of fertilizers+75% N through FYM (T ), 10 11 wheat with 25% recommended dose of fertilizers+100% N through FYM (T ). Among all the treatments, recommended dose 12 of fertilizers along with 25% N through FYM proved superior in terms of grain and Straw yield. Similarly, the lowest values were obtained where 25% of recommended dose of fertilizers along with 100% of N through FYM was applied.

Keywords: INM, Rabi fodders, dual purpose, grain yield, straw yield, harvest index

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Abstract

As part of a study to develop a bacterial biocontrol agent against phytopathogens of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)in Côte d'Ivoire, an orchard diagnosis was carried out by conducting a survey in two sugar complexes, Zuenoula and Borotoukoro. The aim of this work was to collect socio-demographic data on sugarcane growers and to identify the pathologies encountered in these orchards. A sample of 220 growers was surveyed, with 110 growers per sugar complex. The results of this study showed that the majority of growers are Ivorian (95.5-100 %), with a high percentage of men (80-90.9 %) and more than half are illiterate (46.4-53.6 %). The frequency of phytosanitary treatments is limited to an average of two applications of chemical pesticides per year. None of the growers use biocontrol agents to treat their plantations. Symptoms of fungal diseases (smut, red snot and Pokka boeng) and viral diseases (mosaic dash) are present in the sugarcane plantations surveyed.

Keywords: Survey, Sugar cane, sociodemographic data, pathologies, Côte d'Ivoire

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Abstract

This research critically investigates dairy cows responses to various feeding diets, including forage-based diets, total mixed rations (TMR), and new dietary supplements. Dairy cows are fed a variety of diets, each with its own role and effects. The review explains the varied consequences of various feeding regimens on dairy cow performance, health, and environmental sustainability through a thorough examination of contemporary literature. Milk yield, composition, and quality, as impacted by various dietary components, are important topics of study. The review also investigates the nutritional adequacy and digestibility of alternate feed sources in dairy cow diets, such as crop residues and byproducts, to provide light on their potential as sustainable feed solutions. From this review article we have learned that if green fodder and concentrate is given to dairy cow as part of mixed diet then overall health or milk production of the animal will be improved and when feed mixture of dry fodder or concentrate or mineral mixture or biphosphate is given along with green fodder, the animal is healthy or gives good milk production and well prepared for the next calving.

Keywords: Animals, Dairy, Cow, Feeding, Milk

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