Agriculture Journal: Volume-10, Issue-2, February, 2024

Abstract- Bay berry have very less shelf life up to 3 days under ambient condition. Fortunately, presence of good amount of sugar makes desirable for substrate for wine production. Novelty of this work is to find the suitability of bayberries for wine production using yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Juice was extracted from bayberries and analysed for TSS, titrable acidity, pH and alcoholic content and sensory evaluation, it was done at every 2 month intervals till 8th month’s tenure. Further juice was adjusted by adding sugar syrup (5g) for initial 30, 60 and 90 days. Roasted wheat granules were added to ameliorate flavour. Sample was stored for the fermentation at 24± 20 C. Results have shown that pH was decreased as storage time progressed, initial pH was 3.18 and end pH was 2.40. Titrable acidity showed increased to certain point (2.74% - 3%) than slightly abated to 2.88%. TSS was reduced from 19.30 Brix to 17.10 Brix was recorded. Alcoholic content showed increase from 6.46% to 9.03%. The study have shown that acceptable and better wine can be produced from bayberry (myrica nagi) using saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract- One of the earliest meals consumed by humans, millets may have been the first cereal grain employed in household cooking. Since ancient times, millets have been a primary source of nutrition for the inhabitants in semi-arid tropics in Asia and Africa, where other crops do not thrive. India and Asia have both been major millet consumers for centuries. Millet seeds are mashed and used to make the Indian flatbread roti. Despite all of these remarkable traits and capabilities of millet farming systems, the area dedicated to millet production has been declining over the past 50 years, and this decline accelerated during the green revolution. The little "grain" is free of gluten and rich in vitamins and minerals. Good quality protein, minerals, dietary fiber, phytochemicals, and vitamins are all abundant in millet grain, which is also extremely nutrient-dense. When compared to wheat and rice, millets have a lower glycemic index. When compared to wheat, the protein level of foxtail millet, proso millet, and pearl millet is greater. Kodo, tiny, foxtail, and barnyard millet have greater fiber contents. Modern as well as marginal farmers should be recommended to grow millets as it needs much less water and caring than its counterpart grains. Keeping this in mind a review of all the millets that can be grown in India has been included in this paper, pointing out millets from farmers perspective to include millets in his/her farming scheme as well from consumers perspective for its medical and health benefits.

Abstract- The Green Revolution, though successful in meeting rising food demands, has incurred significant environmental costs. Organic farming emerges as a holistic alternative, promoting agroecosystem health and safe food production. This paper reviews the principles and effectiveness of organic farming practices, focusing on liquid organic formulations like Panchagavya, Beejamruth, and Jeevamruth. These formulations, derived from natural sources, stimulate plant growth and immunity, addressing concerns about soil health and water contamination. Despite increasing adoption by farmers, scientific validation of these inputs is lacking. This paper highlights the importance of on-farm experimentation for wider acceptance. India, with its historical reliance on cattle-based agriculture, is poised for a transition to organic farming. Organic inputs, such as vermiwash and Panchagavya, enhance soil properties and crop productivity, offering a sustainable and eco-friendly agricultural approach. As organic farming gains momentum globally, these alternatives play a crucial role in promoting soil health, reducing chemical dependency, and ensuring food safety. Embracing organic practices aligns with the growing global shift towards environmentally conscious agriculture, promising a more sustainable future for food production.

Abstract- Numerous etiological agents cause acute, chronic, granulomatous, systemic, or focal diseases in animals. In aquaculture, especially in fish, reptiles, amphibians, and crustaceans, pathogenic microorganisms have led to significant production losses due to the mortality of infected animals or the deteriorating condition of diseased ones, rendering commercialization unfeasible and resulting in economic losses. Furthermore, some of these pathogens affecting aquatic animals are zoonotic, impacting public health. Therefore, with the aim of aiding in the rapid and efficient diagnosis of diseases in aquatic organisms, the standardization of diagnostic techniques began in 2009 at the Interinstitutional Laboratory for Aquaculture Health - LISA (Instituto Biologico/Sao Paulo/Brazil). These techniques include the in situ hybridization (ISH) under light or photonic microscopy and negative staining (rapid preparation) immunoelectron microscopy (IEM), immunocytochemistry with colloidal gold particles (IMCG), and embedding of fragments in resin for transmission electron microscopy. Adaptations to the initially developed protocols for mammals were made, such as the removal of melanin from melanomacrophages. Due to the high presence of melanomacrophages with brownish melanin granules in the organs of ectodermic animals (frogs and fish), it was necessary to remove this melanin to facilitate the visualization of the diaminobenzidine (DAB) chromogen without interfering with the in situ hybridization technique, in which specific nucleotide sequences were identified in histological sections. This modification prevented false-positive results. These standardized techniques aided in the accurate and efficient diagnosis of pathologies such as White Spot Disease in shrimp, the occurrence of Mycobacterium spp. and Francisella spp. in fish, and chytridiomycosis in frogs.

Abstract- Referring to agricultural potentials and resources in Albania, the development of production capacities is below the level of the demands and needs of consumers with local products. Substitution of imports of agricultural products with products of local companies and farms is a very important factor for economic growth, increasing the competitiveness of agricultural economies and opening new jobs. To achieve this, companies and agricultural farms in Albania must apply clearer marketing schemes to identify their potentials and opportunities, through efficient management, based on development plans for each product or agricultural sector. The purpose of this study is the analysis of the competitiveness and performance growth in the market, for the agricultural products taken in the study, as well as the impact of the marketing application, based mainly on the market study. The methodology used in this research include multivariable method along with factor analysis, regression techniques and correlations. The results show that agricultural production companies and farms have started to apply marketing in different forms, both in social and traditional media, creating a better competitive position in the market. This had a positive effect on increasing the presence of local products and the substitution of imported products, increasing the credibility of consumers for products produced in Albania, as well as creating a market with a variety of local products.

Abstract- Violence against women (VAW) is any act of physical, emotional, psychological and sexual abuse which occurs either in home or community against women such as domestic violence, rape, sexual assault, honor killings, female genital mutilation (FGM), forced marriage, forced prostitution, trafficking of women and so on. This study is based on the secondary sources of data to assess the socio economic impacts of violence against of women in national and global scenario. Violence against women (VAW) was found affecting socio economic sector such as agriculture, manufacturing and service sector. Therefore, government should formulate and effectively implement strict laws and procedures to deter crime, safeguard underprivileged groups and punish perpetrators.

Abstract- India's staple grain is wheat, which is cultivated in the majority of the nation in the winter. The earlier investigations and studies on the impact of abiotic stress on wheat are covered in this succinct analytical piece. Numerous alterations in plant metabolism are brought about by various abiotic stressors and many of these modifications overlap with one another. Low yields are the result of crop growth being hindered by metabolic changes brought on by stress. Abiotic stressors have also been found to be a significant role in yield loss, productivity decline and net profit shrinkage in long-term studies carried out by different researchers in different locations. As a result abiotic stress such as Heat, drought, salinity, water logging and Heavy metal most be effectively mitigate through management practices such as stress resistance cultivars, irrigation scheduling, tillage and planting choices, residue management, sowing time and integrated nutrient management to preserve natural resources while minimizing the negative effects and ensuring long term wheat output.