Volume-9, Issue-7, July 2023

Abstract

Canine distemper caused by the paramyxovirus of the genus Morbilivirus is a highly contagious disease that mainly affects dogs of all ages, with an important socioeconomic impact on the Brazilian veterinary field due to the high cost of treatment, failures in vaccine immunization and the suffering of animals and owners. It presents itself in 2 forms, overacute, characterized by abrupt fever and sudden death and, acute, when the animals show signs of fever, prostration, lack of appetite, nasal and ocular secretions, conjunctivitis, vomiting, respiratory distress, anorexia, diarrhea, dehydration, and cutaneous rash, which may follow neurological symptoms such as paralysis, convulsions and death. From 2004 to 2015, approximately 622 samples from dogs with suspected distemper were sent to the Electron Microscopy Laboratory of the Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (oral and nasal swabs, feces, urine and organ fragments). for diagnosis of viral agents. The samples were processed using transmission electron microscopy (negative staining and resin embedding) and routine histopathological techniques. In the transmission electron microscope, 254 samples (40.83%) were visualized, pleomorphic, rounded or elongated, enveloped paramyxovirus particles containing helical herring-bone like nucleocapsid, measuring between 100 and 500 nm in diameter. In ultrathin sections of the brain, the presence of a nucleus with marginalized chromatin containing intranuclear inclusions was visualized. Intracytoplasmic granular amorphous inclusions, formed by viral nucleocapsids were also observed. Complete particles measuring 100 to 250 nm in diameter and incomplete particles, measuring on average 70 nm in diameter, budding from the plasma membrane could also be identified. Large areas of demyelination were also observed. Histological sections of the brain showed perivascular and focal mono and polyclonal encephalitis, monoclonal meningitis, congested blood vessels and parenchyma with areas of demyelination. The presence of eosinophilic inclusion bodies was also observed in several nerve cells (Corpuscles of Lentz).

Keywords: Canine distemper, dogs, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Histopathology

References

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Abstract

As a short rotation and fast growing nature, Eucalyptus is widely preferred by farmers for pulp paper and plywood industries as well as in local market for poles. In eastern Uttar Pradesh, eucalypts are in improving stage for adoption at larger level and choice of suitable clones in plantations is still a big challenge for them. Thus, the main objective of this study was to assess the growth performance of Eucalyptus clones in Vindhyan region of Mirzapur district for identification of promising clones. An experimental trial was established in the year 2016 with 19 commercial clones at spacing of 2x3 meter in randomized block design in Mirzapur. The annual increment of each clone was calculated using all the growth parameters (girth at breast height; gbh and height) for consecutive five years. The highest value of increment in gbh belonged to clones P-32 (53.88 cm) followed by 07 (51.96 cm), P-14 (50.40 cm), 288 (48.24 cm), P-23 (46.89 cm), P-50 (45.79 cm), and P-13 (44.99 cm) after five year of planting. The clones with good annual increment in height were 07 (17.50 m) followed by P-32 (17.33 m).On the basis of growth parameters, viz. height, girth at breast height, basal area and tree volume, clone P-32, 07, P-14, 288, P-23, P-50 and P-13 were promising over others. (Fig.1). All superior clones belonged to species E. camaldulensis except 288 and 07 which were of E. tereticornis. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for mean height and girth increments showed high levels of significance.

Keywords: Eucalyptus, pulp paper, plywood industries, E. tereticornis, E. camaldulensis

References

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Abstract

This research aims to determine the effect of Atonik plant growth regulator (PGR) on the growth and yield of early maturing soybean (Glycine max L.) genotype. The study was conducted as afield experiment using polybags and employed a split plot design (SPD) with two factors. The main factor was four concentrations of Atonik PGR (Z), namely ZO (0 ml/l), Z1 (0.5 ml/lwater), Z2 (1 ml/lwater), and Z3 (1.5 ml/lwater). The sub-factor was the soybean genotypes (G), which were G1 (GH 8 soybean line), G2 (GH 63 soybean line), G3 (GH 73 P soybean line), and G4 (Dega 1 soybean variety). The combinations of treatments were replicated three times. The observed variables included the number of leaves, the number of productive branches, the number of seeds each plant, the weight of seeds each plant, and the weight of 100 seeds. The research findings showed that the concentration of Atonik PGR at 1 ml/lwater resulted in the highest number of productive branches, which is 5.25 branches, the highest number of seeds each plant, which is 55.14 seeds, and the heaviest weight of seeds each plant, which is 9.34 g. The concentration of Atonik PGR at 1.5 ml/lwater produced the heaviest weight of 100 seeds, which is 23.21 g. The GH 63 soybean line produced the highest number of leaves each plant, which is 92.77 leaves, and the highest number of productive branches each plant, which is 5.25 branches. The GH 8 soybean line produced the highest number of seeds each plant, 62.16 seeds, and the heaviest weight of 100 seeds each plant, 20.49 g. The Dega 1 soybean variety produced the heaviest weight of seeds each plant, which is 9.90 g.

Keywords: Soybean (Glycine max L.), PGR, GH 8, GH 63, GH 73 P, Dega 1

References

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