Volume-7, Issue-11, November 2021

Abstract

Tree bean (Parkia roxburghii) is an important leguminous cash crop in Mizoram and other NorthEastern Region of India. However, its production is threatened by several abiotic and biotic factors, especially insects and diseases. Declined of tree bean was frequently observed and reported in all the districts of Mizoram since 90’swhich caused serious setback for tree bean growers. However, there were no systematic studies or research conducted to assess the role of insect pests on declining tree bean in Mizoram. The present investigation was carried out in Thiltlang, Darzo, Tuipui D, Rotlang East and Hnahthial of the then Lunglei district, Sangau of Lawngtlai district and Siaha of Siaha district and on roadside plantation of NH-54 from Aizawl to Tipa and World Bank road from Aizawl to Lunglei, Mizoram, India during October 2017 to October 2020. The present works was aimed at studying the insect species associated with this crop in the states and also constitute an important baseline data for the design and implementation of IPM strategies for Tree bean protection in Mizoram. The frequently associated insect with partial or complete declined of tree bean was identified as Ambrosia and bark beetles, Blepephaeus succinctor and Xystrocera globosa. In addition, Ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae, Scolytinae) and Blepephaeus succinctor (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) was reported for the first time attacking and causing Tree bean decline in Mizoram.

Keywords: Ambrosia and bark beetles, Blepephaeus succinctor, Xystrocera globosa, Partial or complete decline, Integrated Pest Management, Mizoram

References

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Abstract

Pistachio cultivation is carried out in many provinces of Turkey; however, it is mainly concentrated in the southeastern Anatolia Region due to the suitability of the climate. The pistachio is intensively grown in Gaziantep and Şanlıurfa, Adıyaman, Mardin and Siirt provinces of southeastern Anatolia, and has a significant impact on the economy of the region. Local varieties are mostly grown in Gaziantep and Şanlıurfa provinces, while Siirt variety is mainly grown in Siirt region. The continental climate of the Siirt province causes the summer to be extremely hot and the precipitation regime to be irregular. Therefore, irrigation in the region along with other cultural practices is important in pistachio cultivation. The increase in population and development of industrialization caused a significant decrease in natural resources; therefore, water resources have to be used as most economical and efficient way as possible. Sustainable use of limited water resources and continuous, high-level benefit from water can only be achieved by determining the amount of crop water consumption in accordance with the climatic conditions, and by creating appropriate irrigation programs considering the crop growing periods. This study was carried out to calculate the crop water consumption for Siirt Pistachio plant using modified Blaney Criddle and modified Penman–Monteith methods.

Keywords: Siirt pistachio, Irrigation, Plant water consumption

References

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Abstract

The major challenge faced by developing countries is to produce adequate food for their growing human population under the shortage of freshwater for agricultural activities. Laboratory experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design using sand medium with municipal wastewater and MR253 rice seed with the aim to evaluate effects of municipal wastewater (treated and untreated) at different concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100%) on seed germination and seedling performance. Significant (p<0.05) difference was observed between untreated and treated municipal wastewater for seedling length (SL), root volume (RV), seedling vigour index (SVI) and root: shoot ratio (R:S) while no difference were observed between untreated and treated municipal wastewater for germination percentage (GP) and the seedling phytotoxicity. The concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn were higher in the untreated municipal wastewater compare to treated municipal wastewater. Seeds imbibed with untreated municipal wastewater have high seed germination and seedling performance compare to treated municipal wastewater. Inhibitory effect on chlorophyll content was observed at concentration >50% of both untreated and treated municipal wastewater while promoting effects were observed at lower (<25%) concentrations. However, all the nutrient elements were negatively and highly correlated with quantity of different municipal wastewater concentration. The study showed that seeds imbibed with untreated municipal wastewater have high seed germination and seedling performance compare to treated municipal wastewater. Municipal wastewater of <50% concentration could be recommended as a good source of water and nutrients for rice seed germination without affecting seedling performance.

Keywords: Municipal wastewater, Seed germination, Seedling Performance, Oryza sativa, nutrient uptake, Chlorophyll content, Correlation

References

References not available