Volume-8, Issue-11, November 2022

Abstract

The article examines the effect of endophytic fungi on wheat germination. It was observed that when the seeds of Trichoderma viride and Fusarium oxusporum mixed with the soil at the roots, seed germination and vegetation of the plants ceased. The study found that the fungus Trichoderma viride was effective against soil pathogens and that high yields could be obtained from crops if this fungus was used as a fertilizer against soil pathogens.

Keywords: Trichoderma, Fusarium, soil, wheat, fungus, antagonist

References

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Abstract

The assessment and monitoring of soil life and soil health can be used to develop more sustainable and productive farming systems. Hence, the consequence of herbicide application on soil health is always a concern for the research community. In view of this, the findings available from India in respect to the impact of herbicides on the non-target organisms and important soil bio-chemical processes are reviewed in this paper. There is great variation among the reports showing short term transient depressing to non-inhibitory or even stimulatory effects of herbicides on total soil microbial count and different soil bio-chemical indices. The impact differed depending upon the soil type, experimental conditions, herbicide in question and its dose, and the sensitivity of the non-target species or strains. No severe ill effect on soil flora, soil bio-chemical indices and soil fauna has been observed sofar at recommended dose of herbicide under field conditions. However, the available information is based on the short term experiments and there is need to develop database on long-term field application basis. The paper concludes with some suggested areas for future research requiring urgent attention.

Keywords: Actinomycetes, Ammonification, Bacteria, Earthworms, Fungi, Herbicides, India, Nematodes, Nitrification, Nitrogen fixation, Soil enzymes

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Abstract

Drip irrigation system is a most efficient and modern technique of irrigation, this method is used in those area where there is a scarcity of water, In this technique generally water and nutrient are allowed to deliver directly to the root zone by controlling the pressurised water through valves of the P.V.C (polyvinyl chloride) drip pipes in such a way that it systematically irrigate the whole field drop by drop directly to the root zone, and saves water up-to 70% as compare to flood irrigation method.

Keywords: Drip Irrigation, Water Conservation, Nutrient Conservation, Crop Production

References

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Abstract

Incurrent study, pressurized irrigation systems using for irrigation of landscape plants in Hürkuş park within Pursaklar district of Ankara were researched. In the study technical characteristics of irrigation systems such as in sprinkler systems sprinkler types, sprinkler arrangement, and discharge, and in drip irrigation system, diameters and lengths of main, sub-main and lateral lines, emitter spacing, and emitter discharges were analyzed. In addition, in both irrigation systems, irrigation numbers and irrigation time consequently seasonal applied water were calculated. In result, seasonal applied water by sprinkler and drip irrigation systems were found as around 1382 mm and 1540 mm, respectively. The applied water was mostly relevant to the atmospheric conditions during plant growing cycles as well as plant characteristics.

Keywords: Irrigation, Landscape, Sprinkler Irrigation, System Design, Trickle Irrigation

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Abstract

Forty five single cross hybrids derived from 10 inbred lines of maize were tested for kernel yield across three seasons viz., rabi, summer and kharif adopting AMMI model to assess the G × E interaction and to identify the stable hybrids for kernel yield. Seasons were found to contribute to the variations in performance of hybrids indicating that unpredictable seasonal conditions are one of the constraints in selecting superior and adaptable hybrids. The hybrids viz., BML 6 × PDM 1474, BML 7 × DFTY, BML 15 × PDM 1474, DFTY × Heypool, DFTY × PDM 1452 and Heypool × PDM 1474 across seasons recoded significantly higher kernel yield over general mean. The first two interaction principal components viz., PC 1 (74.00 %) and PC 2 (16.00 %) of GGE-biplot analysis explained 90.00 % of total variation caused by genotype × environment interaction. Hybrids viz., DFTY × Heypool, BML 15 × PDM 1452 and Heypool × PDM 1474 were the vertex hybrids or winners indicating that they are the best performing or responsive hybrids. Summer season was found to be the most discriminating season in culling the unproductive ones and also to save time and expenditure. Kharif and rabi seasons were the most representative testing seasons for kernel yield. Hybrids viz., BML 2 × DFTY, BML 2 × Heypool, BML 6 × PDM 1474, BML 7 × DFTY, BML 15 × PDM 1474, DFTY × PDM 1452, Heypool × PDM 1474 and PDM 1452 × PDM 1474 were more stable as well as high yielding, whereas DFTY × Heypool, BML 15 × PDM 1452, BML 15 × Heypool and DFTY × PDM 1474 were more variable but high yielding. The hybrids BML 6 × PDM 1474, BML 7 × DFTY, BML 15 × PDM 1474, DFTY × Heypool and Heypool × PDM 1474 were located near to ideal genotype with high mean and stability and could be ranked as desirable hybrids for kernel yield.

Keywords: Maize, AMMI GGE biplot analysis, Kernel yield, Genotype × environment interaction

References

References not available