Volume-3, Issue-10, October 2017

Abstract

Contagious ecthyma or contagious pustular dermatitis, is a viral skin disease that occurs in sheep, goats and wild ruminants and is characterized by the formation of papules, nodules or vesicles that progress into thick crusts or heavy scabs on the lips, gingiva and tongue, caused by a member of the Parapoxvirus genus. Human s are occasionally affected constituting important zoonosis. The disease not only has an economic impact on farmers worldwide but also has a considerable negative effect on animal welfa re. In this study, a contagious ecthyma outbreak which occurred in one flock with 90 goats located in the Ceará State , Brazil, was described. Twenty -two goats older than 6 months were affected. The animals presented crusted lesions on the buccal region, to ngue, udder and teat s, which began with swelling in the mouth area. Dri ed crusts and serum collected were processed for transmission electron microscopy utilizing, negative staini ng (rapid preparation), Immunocytochemistry (immunol abelling with colloidal gold particles) and resin embedding techniques.

At the Philips EM 208 tr ansmission electron microscopy all the samples were analyzed by negative staining technique and a great number of parapoxvirus particles ovoid or cylindrical, showing two morphological forms, a mulberry (M ) form with a distinctive criss cross filament patte rn derived from the superimposition of upper and lower virion surfaces and a capsular (C) form caused by stain penetration and distention of the virion core, measuring 300 x 180 nm was observed. Antigen antibody reaction was increased by the colloidal gold particles. In the ultrathin sections of crusts, we verified the presence of three types of intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, type A or Bollinger inclusion bodies, outlined by membrane, presented in it is interior, oval, mature or complete viral particles , measuring on the average, 225nm x 130 nm, showing an inner dumbell - shaped core, two lateral bodies and an external envelope, or cigar shaped core. In the type B electron dense inclusions bodies, were visualized parapoxvirus particles budding of dense and amorphous material. Fibrillar intracytoplasmic inclusions were also found located between the virions, consisting of groups of fibrils, arranged in groups or concentrically in the middle of the granular material. Intracytoplasmic vesicles outlined by memb ranes, measuring 560 x 420 nm, containing granular material in its interior were also observed. The nuclei showed an aspect deformed.

Keywords: Parapoxvirus , Goats, Transmission electron microscopy

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Abstract

The aim of the paper was to present the influence of pla nt density and different types of organic mulch on growth and yield of Romain lettuce. The field experiment was carried out in 2014 in the experimental field of University of Forestry – Sofia, with Romaine lettuce cv. Yellow beauty. The seedlings were plan ted at a distance of 30 x 30 cm and two different schemes were tested: parallel planting to form a 4 -row bed and a chess planting to form a 7 -row bed. For the purpose of the study were used different organic mulches, which were waste products from organic agriculture: barley straw (BS), well -rotted horse manure (HM), walnut wood sawdust (WS) and grass windrow (GW) and non -mulched control plots (NMC). The mulching materials were spread manually in a 5 -6 cm thick layer, after strengthen the seedlings of Romai n lettuce. On the 60th day after planting was the beginning of harvesting. It was found out that the seven -row bed and mulching influenced growth and yield of Romain lettuce. Mulching with HM has a significant effect on growth and yield. In the cultivation of lettuce in combination with horse manure mulch and seven -row bed, the yield increased by 18% compared to the non -mulched control in the same planting scheme and was 2.3 times higher than the non -mulched control in a four - row bed. A significant effect on the mulched variants was established.

Keywords: grass windrow mulch, horse manure mulch, lettuce, seven -row bed, yield

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Abstract

Because solar power is susceptible to clouds and substances in the air, the solar photovoltaic cannot produce stable power output. Solar irra diance is a measurement of t he power output of photovoltaic module . Therefore, this paper uses some different combination inputs of the neural network to develop the solar irradiance forecasting with 24 hours ahead. Their forecasting performances are evaluated and some comparison results in Taichung solar farm are given .

Keywords: Neural network, Solar Irradiance, Solar Power Systems

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Abstract

Proper selections of resource conservation technologies and drought tolerant cultivars are being potential strategies determining productivity of rice in drought prone areas. Thus, a field experiment was accomplished in central - terai of Nepal during 2014 to assess the productivity of drought tolerant rice cultivars under different crop management practices. The experiment was carried out in strip -plot design with three replications consisting four drought tolerant rice cultivars and three crop management practices. The analyzed data revealed that SRI (System of Rice Intensification) produced significantly higher grain yield (5.28 t ha-1) than other management practices. The straw yield of SRI (5.12 t ha-1) was also significantly higher than othe r management practices. The cultivars had no influence on grain yield, but the straw yield was significantly influenced by cultivars, with the highest straw yield in Sukkha -3 (5.21 t ha-1). Thus, SRI management practice can be adopted as adaptation approac h for obtaining higher productivity in central terai and similar agro -climatic regions of Nepal.

Keywords: Crop management practices, Productivity, Rice, SRI

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Abstract

We performed analysis of the biological properties of African swine fever virus (ASF) isolate Odintsovo 02/14.

Domestic pigs were inoculated with 50 (low) or 5000 (high) hemadsorbing doses (HAD) of the virus via intranasal (IN) or intramuscular (IM) routes, t o investigate the pathogenesis of ASF virus Odintsovo 02/14 isolate. Our results indicated that filtered 10% spleen suspension of ASFV isolate Odintsovo 02/14 induced an acute disease in pigs, resulting in 100% mortality rate. For cultural viral suspension (3rd passage), produced in a PBM cells mortality rate was 85.7%.

We also present an analysis of the complete genome of African swine fever virus (ASF) Odintsovo 02/14 isolate. It is 189 333 nucleotide long and contains more than 160 open reading frames ( ORFs). Complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of Odintsovo 02/14 isolate was obtained using pyrosequencing method and used to determine differences between the nucleotide sequences in the genomes of Odintsovo 02/14 and Georgia 01/2007. The genome of AS F virus Odintsovo 02/14 contains substitutions, insertions and deletions in genes encoding structural, membrane, and regulatory proteins, DNA reparation enzymes, host immune response evasion proteins, and MGF genes.

The intergenic region I73R/I329L of Odi ntsovo 02/14 isolate contains 10 -nucleotide long tandem repeat sequence, missing in Georgia 01/2007.

Keywords: African swine fever (ASF), experimental challenge , complete genome sequencing, intergenic region, tandem repeats

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Abstract

The ability of Colletotrichumtruncatum CP2 in producing pectinolytic and cellulolytic enzymes was evaluated by shake flask ferment ations. The results of enzymatic activity experiment indicated that PG was the first cell wall -degrading enzymes detected and the activities obtained were higher (0.24±0.10 U/mL) than other enzymes, which appeared later and in lower amount. After the cell wall was degraded by the action of PG, further degradation of the cell wall was affected by pectin methylesterases, pectin lyase, pectate lyase and cellulases. The disparity in enzymatic activity at different interval s may suggest their specific role for p athogenesis at proper timings.

Keywords: Chilli anthracnose; Colletotrichumtruncatum, cell wall -degrading enzymes, pectinolytic, cellulolytic

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Abstract

Variation patterns and range of juvenile wood basic density (BD) of 30 loblolly pine provenance s in Zhejiang Province of China were reported in this paper. There were four radial variation patterns of BD within 310 10-year-old trees of 30 provenance s, but the main pattern was a steadily increasing trend from pith to bark. The early -late correlation coefficient of BD for loblolly p ine strengthens with trees age and t he value of BD in 5 years old trees can be used for predict that in 10 years old trees. The BD mean change of 30 provenances is similar to normal distribution and the BD varies from 0.343 to 0.412 g/cm3. The BD mean of t he contrast provenance is 0.369 g/cm3 and in medial level. There is an obvious difference in BD among 30 provenances. Further analyses show that the difference among trees within a provenance is greater than that among provenance s and the environment has s ignificant effects on its BD. The broad heritability of BD is 0.72. The individual tree selection within a provenance was much better than that among different provenance.

The BD mean of 30 provenance s is related positively to the provenance latitude , Long itude of provenance is related negatively to wood density in East Coast and positive to wood density in South Coast and Gulf. There is a tendency for BD of loblolly pine provenance to be lower from west to east and from north to south . This variation in pl antation in a common environment turned out contrary to that of natural at different environment. The BD of loblolly pine provenance s introduced from high latitude is greater than that from low latitude, but tree growth properties from low latitude were mu ch faster than those from high latitude.

The BD mean value of 310 trees at the same growth stage (the same age) was negatively related to the diameter at breast height and volume of these trees. Wood density was significant correlated negatively with trach eid width and tracheid diameter at different growth stage of loblolly pine. DBH was significant positively correlated with tracheid width, tracheid diameter and negatively distinct related to ratio of tracheid double wall thickness to tracheid diameter. That DBH was related positively to ratio of tracheid diameter to tracheid width and negatively to tracheid wall thickness showed that the tracheid wall thickness of fast trees or fast provenances did not increase in proportion as tracheid width and tracheid diameter increased. This would lead to the decrease in wood basic density. Better provenance selection for pulpwood and building lumber should be determined from both tree growth and wood properties.

Keywords: loblolly pine, wood density, variation, wood anatomy, provenance trial and correlation analyses

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Abstract

Myrtle ( Myrtus communis L.) is a small tree shrub of the family Myrtace, grown naturally of t he Mediterranean area. Myrtle is very important as an antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic agent. Turkey has great genetic resources for myrtle. Propagation of myrtle genotypes is significant issue. Plant tissue culture techniques offer fast and reliable micropropagation for many plant species. Different media content could be used for micropropagation in in vitro condition. The aim of the present study is to determinate of effect s of different media on micropropagation and rooting in myrtle. For this purpose, Murashige and Skoog (MS), Rugini Olive Medium (OM) and Woody Plant Medium (WPM ) media were used for micropropagation and rooting experiments. All media were supplemented with 1 mg l-1 BA for micropropagation, 1 mg l-1 IBA for rooting . The rat e of micropropagation and plant length , rooting rate, number s of root and root length were determined. Rooted with well -developed shoots transferred to plastic pots containing autoclaved peat and perlite (1:1, v/v). The potted plants were placed in a green house. Acclimatized plants were compared after eight weeks.

Means were separated by analysis of variance and the LSD test was performed to examine significant differences. Based on the result, the best medium was detected WPM on micropropagation rate (6.75 per plant), and then MS ( 4.20 per plant), OM (3.70 per plant). According to rooting data the highest rooting r ate was calculated in WPM with 10 0%, rooting rate in OM and MS media was detected 70% and 5 0%, respectively.

Keywords: Invitro, plant tissue culture, MS, BA, IBA .

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